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Spinach Production in West Central Michigan

Spinach Production in West Central Michigan. James Breinling:. Michigan State University Extension Veggie School Thursday, February 26, 2004 Jim Breinling,Michigan State University Extension. Brief Background. Interest in processed frozen spinach Spring of 2003 - 4 growers planted

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Spinach Production in West Central Michigan

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  1. Spinach Production in West Central Michigan James Breinling: Michigan State University Extension Veggie School Thursday, February 26, 2004 Jim Breinling,Michigan State University Extension

  2. Brief Background • Interest in processed frozen spinach • Spring of 2003 - 4 growers planted • Summer of 2003 - 4 plantings in Mason/Oceana counties - approx. 80 acres • Decision - not to harvest - over winter • Potential for expansion 2004-2006

  3. Planting of Spinach in Mason County, Oct. 13, 2003

  4. About the same time last Sept.- Oct. • Found on a web site National Spinach Conference November 20 & 21 2003 Fayetteville, Arkansas • Vegetable AoE - Growing the Michigan Vegetable Industry • $2,000 grant - myself and three other growers attended

  5. 1st Day of Meetings at Washington County Extension Office What did we learn? • Spinach is good for you - Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Iron - Antioxidant activity - Folic Acid & disease-prevention properties - Age-related Macular Degeneration - Bottom-line - eat more spinach! Why? For all the above reasons…. it’s good for you!

  6. Herbicides Issues Nilda Burgos - Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences at University of Arkansas • Need for additional herbicides critical • 3 registered in Arkansas - cycloate (Ro-Neet), sethoxydim (Poast), and phenmedipham (Spin-aid) - metolachlor (Dual) preemergence; Sec. 18, many years - Exploring herbicide resistance by whole plant selection

  7. Herbicides Issues (con.) - started fall of 2001 - 4 cultivars - .5 and 1.0x rates of glyphoste (Roundup) and glufosenate (Liberty) - a few plants survived - 2003 study spinach tolerance to imazamox (Raptor) - Raptor labeled cowpea - rotation with spinach - rates highly injurious when applied preemergence - lower rates need to be tested - Spinach cultivars show differential tolerance to foliar application of Raptor

  8. Potential Herbicides - Spinach Texas the Oklahoma Russell Wallace - CES, Texas A&M • Bixby, Oklahoma 2002-2003 • 3 highest yielding preemergence treatments - Lorox (0.10 lb. a.i/A) - Ro-Neet (3.0 lb. a.i) & Lorox (0.05 lb. a.i) - Define (0.15 lb. a.i) & Lorox (0.05 lb. a.i) • Crystal City, Texas - Ro-Neet, Dual Magnum and Outlook alone had least crop injury - Best combination included: Ro-Neet (3.0 or 4.0 lb. a.i) and Outlook (0.25 lb. a.i) Ro-Neet (3.0 or 4.0 lb. a.i) and Lorox (0.05 or 0.10 lb. a.i) Outlook (0.25 lb. a.i) and Lorox (0.05 or o.10 lb. a.i) • Results look promising , need more investigation regarding rates and and combinations

  9. Other topics • Update on Downy Mildew of Spinach • Biology and Management Spinach White Rust • Verticillium Wilt of Spinach • Foliar Fungicide Alternatives in Spinach • Screening and Breeding for Resistance to Leafminer in spinach • Current and Future Insect Management in Spinach and Greens • Spinach Breeding in the Mid South

  10. Spinach Insect Pests and Controls • Paul McLeod, Department of Entomology at U. of A. • Aphids - Green Peach Aphid - Scout 2 - 3 weeks prior to harvest - 20 plants - threshold average 5/plant - Control - imidacloprid • Grasshoppers - Spinach spring and fall “green islands” - Pyrethroid insecticides - Other controls; location of field, “bug knockers”

  11. What we saw - Fri. Nov. 21, 2003 Trip to University of Arkansas - Vegetable Substation - Kibler, Arkansas • Spinach Variety Trail - Focus White Rust Resistance - 39 selections - 5 Tiers - Flat Leaf F-380, XP-17047 - Semi Savoy - Padre - Full Savoy - Ozarka II

  12. Spinach variety trial, U. of A. Kibler Substation

  13. Du-All; seed bed preparation; U. of A.

  14. White Rust on spinach - underside of leaf

  15. White Rust on spinach - top of leaf

  16. St. Helens, spinach variety trial, Nov. 21, 2003 8 weeks after planting

  17. Greens harvest at Newton Farms; Kibler, AR

  18. Returned to U. of A. Vegetable Substation

  19. Dual damage on spinach leaf

  20. Raptor resistance plots

  21. Visit to Gist Farms Spiro, Oklahoma Sat. Nov. 22, 2003 • 7,000 acres - Sharecropping • 800 acres Spinach and Greens, also grow acreage of Snap Beans • Harvesting of Greens and Spinach • Overwinter plantings of spinach

  22. Growers pose during inspection of spinach planter

  23. Close up - one of three planter units

  24. Three ten row beds - note, roller in front

  25. Over winter spinach, Gist Farms, Nov. 22, 2003

  26. Roller used to level spinach beds

  27. So after all that, what did we really learn... • Need 15-18 # of sulfur /A in the form of ammonium sulfate - reduce need of nitrogen • Plant on heavier soil types - ph level important 5.8-6.2 min. • Can increase plant population / acre - more rows to drilling • Proper seedbed preparation - 4 times w/ Du-all in Oklahoma • shallow seeding - use of “pop up fertilizer”

  28. So after all that, what did we really learn….. (con.) • Roll after planting, roll overwinter plantings in spring to level • Spintor for control of leafminer 2 days prior to harvest • Use 2-3 varieties - flat leaf types grow faster than some savoy and full savoy • yield goal - 7 to 8 ton/acre • Stomp spinach, pack tight 40,000 lb.+ per load - 70° and lower, Oklahoma up to 3 days - cut early mornings or evenings - if over 80° - problems

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