Application in Construction

1. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Application in Construction

2. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Why automate construction? • Labor efficiency is alarmingly low • Skilled workforce is vanishing • Work quality is low • Control of the construction site is insufficient and difficult • Accident rate at construction sites is high (> 400,000 / year in US) • Waste and trims are high (3 To 7 tons per average home; 40% of all materials used worldwide are for construction) • Low income housing and emergency shelters are critical • Construction is the largest sector of almost all economies • All other products are fabricated automatically – construction is still largely a manual task

3. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Labor productivity comparison for non-farm industries and construction industry developed by Paul Teicholz Non-farm productivity index Construction Productivity index Construction productivity decline

4. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Edison’s concrete houses $175,000 for molds More than 2000 pieces 500,000 pounds

5. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Concrete Surface Treatment Robot Automated construction in Japan • 89 single task construction robots • 11 different automated construction systems This robot absorbs the water which remains after concrete has been set.

6. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Big-Canopy high-rise pre-cast concrete construction system. Used to construct the 26 storey pre-cast concrete 30,726m2 Yachiyodai Condominium building in Japan. The system realized a60% reduction in labor requirementsfor the frame erection.

7. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Form work cost structure

8. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC ICF Homes

9. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC

10. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Concrete filling

11. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Insulation

12. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC

13. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Construction by Contour Crafting

14. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC What constitutes construction cost?

15. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Cavities made with CC and filled with concrete

16. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Creating hollow depositions

17. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Embedding Reinforcement

18. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC A straight wall builder

19. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Full scale wall sections

20. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC

21. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC

22. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC

23. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Conventional and CC forms

24. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Conventional Structure Construction

25. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Adobestructures – Ageless comfort and beauty House of Brojerdi Kashan

26. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Interior of an Adobe house CalEarth Design

27. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC House made with vaults and domes Interior of an Adobe house CalEarth Design

28. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Manual construction of adobe form structures using clay bricks (Source: Khalili, 2000) A vault structure made of clay bricks (Source: Khalili, 2000) Ingenious methods

29. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Free-standing Objects / Industrial parts

30. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Supportless structures created by CC

31. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Adobe house Construction

32. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Extraterrestrial Construction

33. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Deployable CC

34. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Lunar Construction

35. Viterbi School of Engineering . USC Road construction