Revision for Skeletal system

1. Revision for Skeletal system All you need to know about bones

2. Five functions of the skeleton • The skeleton consists of all of the bones within the human body. The skeleton has five main functions: • Support: The skeleton supports the soft tissues of the body as it forms a rigid framework to which our muscles, tendons, ligaments etc attach. • Shape: The overall shape of our bodies is mostly due to our skeletons. e.g. your skeleton determines if you are short or tall by how long your bones are • Protection: Our bones are very strong and can provide protection to the vital organs. e.g. the skull protects the brain, and the ribs and sternum protect the heart and lungs • Movement: Our bones are levers which are pulled by the muscles to cause movement • Making blood cells: Inside long bones is a substance called bone marrow, which makes new blood cells.

3. Can you name and place all the bones in the syllabus? • You need to know where the bones in the body are and how to spell them correctly!

4. Types of bones Long Bones Have a body longer than it is wide Have a hard outer casing with spongy bone in the centre Bones such as the Femur, Humerus and Metatarsals Short Bones Are roughly as wide as they are long Contain large amounts of bone marrow to make blood vessels Bones such as the Carpals and Tarsals in the wrist and foot Flat Bones Strong, flat pieces of bone Their main functions are protection and muscle attachment Bones such as the cranium (skull) and scapula (shoulder blade) Irregular Bones Do not fit into any of the other categories and often have an unusual shape Bones such as the Vertebrae, Sacrum and Mandible

5. Ossification is the process by which cartilage is turned to bone. Red blood cells produced here!!

6. joints

7. Movement Abduction at the shoulder Flexion at the elbow Extension at the elbow Slight flexion at the knee Don’t forget adduction (towards mid line) and rotation!

8. S-Cool | Joints Types of joints DON’T FORGET CONDYLOID, SADDLE AND GLIDING.