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Daily Review #4

Daily Review #4. Describe the 4 different pieces of evidence to support continental drift How does convection cause a plate to move? Discuss your answer to the writing prompt about what you think will happen to the continents in 100 million years. Plate Tectonics. Movement cm/ yr

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Daily Review #4

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  1. Daily Review #4 • Describe the 4 different pieces of evidence to support continental drift • How does convection cause a plate to move? • Discuss your answer to the writing prompt about what you think will happen to the continents in 100 million years.

  2. Plate Tectonics • Movement • cm/yr • Measured by GPS • Interact at boundaries – 3 types • Collide • Separate • Slide past • Earthquakes can occur at all

  3. ConvergentBoundary • Plates collide • Continental-continental • Create mountains • Continental-oceanic • Oceanic sinks • Subduction zone and trench • Remelted, recycled • Oceanic-oceanic • One subducts

  4. Transform Boundary • Plates slide past each • Not usually smooth • Larger, more frequent earthquakes

  5. Earthquakes • What are they? What is it like? • Seismologist • Where? • Plate boundary • Rarely in middle of continent • Occur at or create faults • Varying depths • Focus • Epicenter

  6. How are earthquakes measured? • Richter scale • Strength (magnitude) • Measuring ground motion • Used by the media • Moment magnitude • More precise • Measures the energy released • Measured at the epicenter • Used by scientists

  7. Largest Recorded Earthquakes • Recent earthquakes

  8. Imaging of Earthquake Waves • Seismograph • Shows local movement • 3 main waves • P wave • S wave • Surface waves

  9. Finding the Epicenter • Distance vs. time graph is constant • Closest has smallest time difference • Measure time difference on local seismograph • Compare to graph • Find distance • Repeat for multiple locations

  10. Finding Epicenter cont. • Use distances found • Draw a circle from each site • Overlap = epicenter

  11. Daily Review #5 • How are convergent and transform boundaries similar? Different? • Give a current example of a convergent boundary and what is being formed there • What is an epicenter and how is it found? • What kind of damage can an earthquake cause and how do you think we could prevent that damage?

  12. Elastic Rebound Hypothesis • Energy builds • Energy released • Travel as waves • Rocks return to original shape, but different locations

  13. Earthquake Waves • P waves • First detected • Back-and-forth • S waves • Side-to-side • Slower, arrive later

  14. Surface • Rolling • Side-to-side • Slowest • More destructive • Aftershocks • Foreshocks

  15. Earthquake Hazard Map

  16. Earthquake Prediction • Not exact • Seismic gaps • Area of fewer earthquakes • Likely location of future earthquake • Used to predict 1989 San Francisco • Past frequency

  17. Destruction from Earthquakes • Liquefaction • Mixing soil with underground water • Sinkholes • Landslides • Fire • Broken gas and electrical lines • Lack water to fight • Building and highway damage

  18. Tsunami • Cause • Underwater earthquake • Ocean floor movement • Massive waves • Closer to shore • Slows • Increases in height

  19. Tsunami warning system • Only a few a year • Most recent (major) • Indonesia (Dec. 2004) • Japan (Mar. 2011) • Seiche

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