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SNC 2P Biology Review

SNC 2P Biology Review. Diffusion. Fill in the missing words: Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of ___________ concentration to an area of __________ concentration. Osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of ____________ molecules across a ______________. Osmosis.

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SNC 2P Biology Review

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  1. SNC 2P Biology Review

  2. Diffusion • Fill in the missing words: • Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of ___________ concentration to an area of __________ concentration

  3. Osmosis • Osmosis is the movement of ____________ molecules across a ______________

  4. Osmosis • In which direction will water move (into the cell or out of the cell) in the example below?

  5. Cells • Why do cells need to remain small? • State three reasons why cells need to divide

  6. Cell division • State the stages of the cell cycle • Circle the two stages that are the division stage • Star the stage that is just about division of the genetic material

  7. Answers: • High, low • Water, semi-permeable membrane • Into the cell • Small cells are more efficient at moving materials into and out of the cell because diffusion happens at a constant rate • Repair/maintain, growth, reproduce • Interphase, mitosis*, cytokinesis

  8. Mitosis • Match each figure with either: • Prophase, metaphase, anaphase or telophase

  9. Cancer • What is a mutation? • Which of these types of tumour is more dangerous? • Benign or malignant • Give two reasons why that type is more dangerous

  10. Answers: • A – telophase, B- prophase, C- anaphase, D-metaphase • A change in the genetic code (or DNA) • Malignant • They invade other cells and they spread to other parts of the body (metastasis)

  11. Cell Specialization • What type of cell do all cells start out as? • Why do cells in multicellular organisms (like humans) need different kinds of cells? • What happens to cell when it specializes? • What is the name of this process?

  12. Types of cells • Identify each of the following types of cells:

  13. Types of tissues • Fill in the blanks: • Cells specialize and work together to form ____ • Tissues work together in ______ to perform a common task • Organs work together in ____ ____ to perform a common task • State the 4 types of tissues

  14. Answers • Stem cells • Because there are many kinds of jobs to perform • They change size and shape • Cell differentiation • A- muscle, B-nerve, C-skin, D-bone, E-blood • Tissues, organs, organ systems • Muscle, epithelial, connective, nervous

  15. Identify the organ that: • Moves blood through the body • Exchanges gases • Cleans and filters the blood • Cleans the blood, stores substances such as glycogen, vitamins and minerals • Churns and digests food • Absorbs nutrients into the body

  16. Match the organ system • Transports blood, nutrients, gases and wastes • Takes in and breaks down food • Controls breathing • Removes liquid wastes from the body • Moves body parts and organs • Provides structural support • Gathers and interprets sensory information • Defends against disease • Includes skin, hair, nails and provides a protective barrier

  17. Answers • Heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, stomach, small intestine • Circulatory system, digestive system, respiratory system, excretory system, muscular system, skeletal system, nervous system, immune system, integumentary system

  18. Respiration • Match the labels to the structures or fill in the blanks: Work bank: alveoli, capillaries, bronchus, bronchioles, diaphragm, epiglottis, larynx, lung, nasal cavity, pharynx, poor, rich, trachea

  19. Respiration • Explain what happens in gas exchange • Why is blood ‘oxygen poor’ when it arrives at the lungs? Or why do we need oxygen?

  20. Answers • A – capillaries • B – alveoli • C – poor • D – rich • E – nasal cavity • F – pharynx • G – epiglottis • H – larynx • I – trachea • J – bronchus • K – lung • L – bronchioles • M – diaphragm • Oxygen moves into the lungs/alveoli, diffuses into the capillaries then diffuses into body cells while carbon dioxide goes from body cells through the blood to the lungs to be exhaled • For cellular respiration- so body cells can make energy using glucose and oxygen

  21. Circulation • Identify structures A - E: • Use the numbers to explain what happens to blood as it flows through the heart/lungs/body

  22. Answers • A- artery, B-vein, C-valve, D- capillaries, E- heart • 10 –oxygen poor blood arrives at the heart and enters at 11 (right atrium) then goes to 1 (right ventricle) and is pumped out through 2 to the lungs (3) where gas exchange occurs • Oxygen rich blood comes from 3 (lungs) to 4 (left atrium) then 5 (left ventricle) where it is pumped through 6 (the aorta) to the body

  23. Digestion • Identify the parts labeled below:

  24. Digestion • State the 4 processes of digestion • Explain the difference between physical and mechanical digestion • What happens during absorption?

  25. Answers • A- mouth, B-esophagus, C-stomach, D-liver, E-pancreas, F- large intestine, G- small intestine, H – rectum • Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination • Physical – breaking food down into smaller pieces • Chewing, churning • Chemical digestion uses chemicals (enzymes) to break food down for absorption • Saliva, gastric (stomach) fluids • The diffusion of food from the small intestine into the blood to travel to each cell of the body

  26. Cellular Respiration • Write the word equation for cellular respiration • glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy • Explain how glucose and oxygen enter the body and reach each cell • Explain how carbon dioxide waste is removed from the body

  27. Answers • Oxygen enters through the respiratory system (lungs/alveoli) and diffuses into the circulatory system (capillaries) where it is carried to every cell (and diffuses into the cells) • Glucose is absorbed from the digestive system and enters the circulatory system (capillaries) where it is carried to every body cell (and diffuses into the cells) • Carbon dioxide is a waste that diffuses from body cells into the circulatory system (capillaries) and is carried to the alveoli where it diffuses into the respiratory system and is exhaled

  28. Organelles • Organelle: • Cell wall • Cell membrane • Cytoplasm • Nucleus • Mitochondrion • Chloroplast • Vacuole • Endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi apparatus • Vesicle • Ribosomes • Function • A - transportation network • B - structural support • C - control centre, where the DNA is • D -creates energy from food • E- stores food water or wastes • F- controls what enters/exits • G -packages material for shipment • H -supports organelles, where chemical reactions happen • I -manufactures proteins • J -creates food from sunlight, water and carbon dioxide • K -membrane bound structure that carries materials into/out of cell

  29. Answers • Cell wall -B • Cell membrane - F • Cytoplasm - H • Nucleus - C • Mitochondrion - D • Chloroplast -J • Vacuole - E • Endoplasmic reticulum - A • Golgi apparatus - G • Vesicle - K • Ribosomes - I

  30. Animal cell • Label the parts of the cell:

  31. Plant cell • Label the parts of the cell:

  32. Answers • Animal cell • A – ribosome • B – nucleus • C – endoplasmic reticulum • D – cytoplasm • E – vacuole • F – Golgi apparatus • G – cell membrane • H – vesicle • I – cytoskeleton • J – mitochondrion • Plant cell • A – cytoskeleton • B – chloroplast • C – vacuole • D – vesicle • E – nucleus • F – ribosome • G – endoplasmic reticulum • H – cell membrane • I – cell wall • J – cytoplasm • K – Golgi apparatus • L – mitochondrion

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