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Reading Conflicting Maps

Reading Conflicting Maps. IAFS/JWST 3650. Announcements. Office hours today: 12:45- 2:45pm Prof. Claudia Koonz , “ Islamophobia in Three Shapes: the Muslim Headscarf in France, Britain, and Germany ” (17 Jan, 5pm, HLMS 252)

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Reading Conflicting Maps

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  1. Reading Conflicting Maps IAFS/JWST 3650

  2. Announcements • Office hours today: 12:45-2:45pm • Prof. Claudia Koonz, “Islamophobiain Three Shapes: the Muslim Headscarf in France, Britain, and Germany” (17 Jan, 5pm, HLMS 252) • Prof. Deborah Lipstadt, "The Impact of the Eichmann Trial: A Perspective After 50 Years" (Fri 25 Jan, 11am, UMC 235)

  3. Outline • How to read a map • Conflicting maps of Israel/Palestine • Quiz prep

  4. Introduction • Maps’ contribution to conflicting narratives • Need to “read” maps for bias, etc • What do maps tell us about Arab-Israeli conflict?

  5. How to Read a Map • Production • Content • Reception

  6. Map Reading Methodology • Map as text • Can be read for contemporary attitudes and beliefs

  7. Map Reading Methodology • Production: • Author/publisher • Sources of info • Historical context

  8. Map Reading Methodology • Content: • Decoration • Depiction of boundary lines • Themes

  9. Map Reading Methodology • Reception • Audience • Expense and availability • Function and use

  10. Reading Maps of Israel and Palestine • Themes: • Sacred claims to territory • Erasure • Palestinian homeland(s) • Weapons • Vulnerability

  11. Israeli and Palestinian Territory

  12. Sacred Claims to Territory (Palestinian) • Dome of the Rock (Muslim shrine in Jerusalem) • Site also sacred to Christians and Jews Fatah Poster (1992)

  13. Sacred Claims to Territory (Palestinian) • Map overlies Christian cross PLO Poster (1997)

  14. Sacred Claims to Territory (Zionist) • God’s Biblical promise to Abraham: “I will give this land to your descendants.” (Genesis 12:7) Government of Israel Poster (~1980)

  15. Erasure (Zionist Views) • “Palestinian Maps Omitting Israel” • Zionist website criticizes images that “ignor[e] the existence of the State of Israel” • Collection of maps from Palestinian textbooks, political propaganda, art, etc

  16. Erasure (Arab Views) • Crumpled map Iraqi Cultural Center Poster (1979)

  17. Erasure (Arab Views) • Map of Israel covering/torn away from map of Palestine Fatah Poster (1989)

  18. Palestinian Homeland(s)(Zionist Views) • Argues that Palestinians can find homes in Jordan Embassy of Israel (US) Poster (~1984)

  19. Palestinian Homeland(s) (Zionist Views) • Argues that Jordan is the state for Palestinians Unknown [Zionist?] source(~1993)

  20. Palestinian Homeland(s)(Palestinian Views) • “60 years of nakba [catastrophe]” • Key symbolizes “right of return” • Central image of Dome of the Rock Palestinian Artist Abd Almouty Abozaid (2008)

  21. Palestinian Homeland(s)(Palestinian Views) • “From all directions we will return.” Palestinian Artist WaleedIdrees(~1985)

  22. Weapons (Zionist) • “Etzel” = acronym for Irgun, Zionist paramilitary group • Features rifle in clenched fist • Map includes Palestine and Transjordan • “Only Thus” below map Irgun Emblem(1930s-1940s)

  23. Weapons (Zionist) • “Only thus” translated here as “the sole solution” Irgun Poster (~1935)

  24. Weapons (Zionist) • “The war loan – to defeat the enemy – to establish borders” • Variation on fist and rifle • Less focus on Jordan Government of Israel Poster (1952)

  25. Weapons (Zionist) • “With one hand on a weapon and one at work” (Nehemiah 4:17) • Rifle linked to agricultural implements • Map focus on Israel Histadrut Poster (1954)

  26. Weapons (Palestinian) • “For the sake of our land and our children we joined the Palestine Liberation Army” PLO Poster (~1964)

  27. Weapons (Palestinian) • “Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine” PFLP Poster (~1969)

  28. Weapons (Palestinian) • “Eleven years on the path towards triumph” • Map of Palestine and map of Arab countries • Palestinian flag staked at Jerusalem Fatah Poster (1976)

  29. Weapons (Palestinian) • “Palestine” • Reference to “Al Quds”[Jerusalem] Sourceunknown(~1985)

  30. Weapons (Palestinian) • “Hamas” • Rifle tied to land by Palestinian flag • Dome of the Rock inside heart inside keffiyeh (scarf associated with Palestinian resistance) HamasPoster (1993)

  31. Vulnerability (Israeli) • “Growth under Siege” • Depicts Israel under attack from all sides • Perceived threats from land, sea, & air Mapai Poster (early 1950s) Christine Leuenberger andIzhak Schnell,“The politics of maps: Constructing national territories in Israel” Social Studies of Science 40:6 (Dec 2010) 813-814.

  32. Vulnerability (Israeli) • “Likud will prevent this! 2.5 million Israelis are within firing range if an ‘Arafat state’ is founded.” • Depicts serious threat due to Israel’s lack of strategic depth LikudElection Poster (1981) Christine Leuenberger andIzhak Schnell,“The politics of maps: Constructing national territories in Israel” Social Studies of Science 40:6 (Dec 2010) 823-825.

  33. Vulnerability (Palestinian) • “Loss of Land” over time Original source unknown (2000s, revised 2010)

  34. Vulnerability (Palestinian) • “Map of occupation” coupled with iconic images • Roughly same dates as previous poster Originalsourceunknown (2007)

  35. Vulnerability (Palestinian) • “Stealing of Pal. Land by the Zionist State” • Emphatic coloring Original sourceunknown (2009)

  36. Vulnerability (Israeli) • Size comparisons to European and South American countries, and the US and US states (plus Turkey and India) IsraelMinistry of ForeignAffairs Website(2013)

  37. Vulnerability (Israeli) • Size comparisons emphasize Israel’s smallness IsraelMinistry of ForeignAffairs Website(2013)

  38. Vulnerability (Israeli) • “Israel is tiny! . . . . Imagine living in New Jersey while most people living in the other 49 states want to see you destroyed.” Zionist PR Firm Poster (~2004)

  39. Conclusions • Maps used by range of Israeli and Palestinian groups to convey their arguments • Images of the same (or roughly the same) territory or iconography can be used to support opposing arguments • Groups on both sides address both internal and external audiences

  40. Conclusions • Hobsbawm: • Many national symbols are “invented traditions” • Invented traditions use history as legitimator

  41. Conclusions • Nations claim to be natural and ancient, but are constructed and new • Maps help construct the nation

  42. Quiz Prep:Citation Format Section • Chicago Manual of Style (available via Chinook) • Footnotes • For citation formatting questions, consult the Chicago Manual.

  43. Key Elements of Citation (either footnote or bibliography) • Book: author, title, place of publication, publisher, pub date • Journal Article: author, article title, journal title, volume, number (if avail), year, first and last pages of article Footnotes also include specific page for citation

  44. Examples of Academic Dishonesty (see Honor Code for definitions) • plagiarism • cheating • fabrication • aid of academic dishonesty • lying • bribery • threat

  45. Quiz Prep:Map Section • Format: • Two outline maps • Ten place-names total • Recommended references: Israel, Old City Jerusalem, and West Bank and Gaza maps

  46. Quiz Prep:Place-names • Ashdod, Bethlehem, Gaza City, Haifa, Jaffa/Yafa, Jenin, Jerusalem, Nazareth, Ramallah, Rehovot, Tel Aviv • Gaza Strip, Golan Heights, Jordan River, West Bank • Al-Aqsa Mosque, Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Dome of the Rock, Western/Wailing Wall

  47. Studying for the Quiz • Chicago citation format • Citation elements • Definitions of academic dishonesty • Map place-names

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