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MQ-1 Predator / MQ-9 Reaper Unmanned Aircraft Systems

MQ-1 Predator / MQ-9 Reaper Unmanned Aircraft Systems. Jeffrey W. Eggers, Col Director, UAS Transformation Air Force Combat Support Office. 8 Feb 2008. One Man’s Vision.

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MQ-1 Predator / MQ-9 Reaper Unmanned Aircraft Systems

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  1. MQ-1 Predator / MQ-9 ReaperUnmanned Aircraft Systems Jeffrey W. Eggers, ColDirector, UAS TransformationAir Force Combat Support Office 8 Feb 2008

  2. One Man’s Vision “We have just won a war with a lot of heroes flying around in planes. The next war may be fought by airplanes with no men in them at all. It certainly will be fought with planes so far superior to those we have now that there will be no basis for comparison. Take everything you’ve learned about aviation in war, throw it out of the window, and let’s go to work on tomorrow’s aviation. It will be different from anything the world has ever seen.” Gen Hap Arnold, USAAF VJ Day, 1945

  3. AF Family of Systems Low Capability High Capability Micro Man-Portable Small Large/Theater Capable Multi-Mission Small UAS Operators Rated Aviators

  4. Predator/Reaper System Aircraft Predator Primary Satellite Link (PPSL) Operations Center Ground Control Station (GCS)

  5. MQ-1/MQ-9 Comparison 4 x Hellfire 2 x Hellfire MQ-1 Predator MQ-9 Reaper A-10 Size C-172 Size Endurance:24 Hrs Max Speed:120 Kts Max Altitude:25,000 Payload:300 Lbs Endurance:24 Hrs Max Speed:240 Kts Max Altitude:50,000 Payload:3000 Lbs 2 x 500 lb bombs

  6. Current Combat CAPs Total Combat CAPs - Predator: 20Reaper:2

  7. Remote Split Operations GCS Ops Ctr Ku Satellite Creech AFB In Theater Fiber Optics PPSL LOSOnly Predator VideoNetwork Launch & Recovery Element Mission Control Element

  8. Current Operations

  9. MQ-1B Tactical Systems IR Marker Multi-spectral Targeting System LaserDesignator IR Marker AGM-114P Hellfire EO & IR Camera

  10. Target Coordination • Laser Rangefinder Designator*For guiding weapons • Laser Target Marker*Visible in NVGs • Mensurated Target Coordinates • ROVER Video Direct to JTAC • Tactical DatalinkLink-16 and SADL • Standard J-CAS andJ-Fire Procedures Target Designatorfor Laser GuidedBombs and Missiles ROVER videoshows target Target Marking Laser for NVGs JTAC * Predator cannot see LRDs or LTMs from other providers.

  11. Close Air Support - Raid

  12. Close Air Support – An Najaf Friendlies Sniper

  13. Close Air Support – An Najaf

  14. Disaster Relief

  15. Relief Operations MQ-1 to provide full motion video at USNORTHCOM’s direction in the event of CONUS catastrophe Commercial Satellite Creech AFB GCS* FMV Fiber Optics ROVERFeed LRE* Network Ops Cell Katrina New Orleans USNORTHCOM Dept Homeland Security POTUS Relief Personnel • GCS: Ground Control Station • LRE: Launch and recovery element

  16. Mission Collaboration CAOC SOFTOC DCGS LRE ASOC CRC Army TOC all pads, 13K [02:17]<QueenTk>Dy01 Clrd KB07 pad 1-6 13K avoid Betty all pads, 13K [02:17]<QueenTk>Dy01 Clrd KB07 pad 1-6 13K avoid Betty [02:17]<Kelt_PM>QueenTK, stardust RTB 0215 NSTR [02:18]<Deadly01> c, kb01 pd1-6 13k, betty hot—tks [02:18]<QueenTK> c, stardust, clrd hammond all pads, 13K [02:17]<QueenTk>Dy01 Clrd KB07 pad 1-6 13K avoid Betty all pads, 13K [02:17]<QueenTk>Dy01 Clrd KB07 pad 1-6 13K avoid Betty [02:17]<Kelt_PM>QueenTK, stardust RTB 0215 NSTR [02:18]<Deadly01> c, kb01 pd1-6 13k, betty hot—tks [02:18]<QueenTK> c, stardust, clrd hammond [01:57]<CJTF-2>sb, I’ll see if it is ready [02:05] <CJTF-2>target deck sent to your JWICS email [02:10]<Deadly_MC>got it. start from north or by #? [02:11]< CJTF-2 >n2s [02:20]<Deadly_MC> on tgt 2140Z [02:21]<DGS_2> 3 pax sw [01:57]<CJTF-2>sb, I’ll see if it is ready [02:05] <CJTF-2>target deck sent to your JWICS email [02:10]<Deadly_MC>got it. start from north or by #? [02:11]< CJTF-2 >n2s [02:20]<Deadly_MC> on tgt 2140Z [02:21]<DGS_2> 3 pax sw support rqd att [01:33]<ASOC_3>c, rock. [02:10]<MNCG_2>Reported shots fired sect 23d [02:11]<ASOC_3>TIC03activated N361402 W1140232 [02:13]<ASOC_3>Strike44 enroute tic 03, QT pls activate betty sfc to 180 [02:13]<MNCG_2>mortar poo support rqd att [01:33]<ASOC_3>c, rock. [02:10]<MNCG_2>Reported shots fired sect 23d [02:11]<ASOC_3>TIC03activated N361402 W1140232 [02:13]<ASOC_3>Strike44 enroute tic 03, QT pls activate betty sfc to 180 [02:13]<MNCG_2>mortar poo [02:22]<Deadly01> LRE, were low on gas, expect 0330 handback [02:22]<LRE_P1> sb, let me check [02:25]<LRE_P1>Deadly, we can handle that, just don’t be late or you’ll bump hamer22 [02:25]<Deadly01> copy, we can make it [02:22]<Deadly01> LRE, were low on gas, expect 0330 handback [02:22]<LRE_P1> sb, let me check [02:25]<LRE_P1>Deadly, we can handle that, just don’t be late or you’ll bump hamer22 [02:25]<Deadly01> copy, we can make it How the Mission Gets Done • Aircrew collaborates real time with end user, intel analysts, cmd elements, airspace ctrl, other aircraft, ground forces • Secure UHF/VHF/FM radio and secure computer chat • SA provided on FalconView w/ airspace diagrams, Link-16, target sets, tgt imagery, weather, msn planning data… • Mission integration screens NOT tied into gnd ctrl station! JWICSSA & Comm SIPRSA & Comm JTAC AIRCREW

  17. UNCLASSIFIED Pilot’s Mission Integration Screen [01:55]<Deadly_MC>c, sb [01:57]<Deadly_MC>eta 0220, do you have target list? [01:57]<CJTF-2>sb, I’ll see if it is ready [02:05] <CJTF-2>target deck sent to your JWICS email [02:10]<Deadly_MC>got it. start from north or by #? [02:11]< CJTF-2 >n2s [02:20]<Deadly_MC> on tgt 2140Z [02:21]<DGS_2> 3 pax sw killbox 6 180-210 [02:16]<QueenTk>SE31, sb coordinating [02:16] ]<Deadly01> QT, rqst kp01 all pads, 13K [02:17]<QueenTk>Dy01 Clrd KB01 pad 1-6 13K avoid Betty [02:17]<Kelt_PM>QueenTK, stardust RTB 0215 NSTR [02:18]<Deadly01> c, kb01 pd1-6 13k, betty hot—tks [02:18]<QueenTK> c, stardust, clrd hammond your clrd Golf sector 12K, ready to handover [02:21] ]<MAC_P1>got it thanks, copy golf @ 12 [02:22]<Deadly01> LRE, were low on gas, expect 0330 handback [02:22]<LRE_P1> sb, let me check [02:25]<LRE_P1>Deadly, we can handle that, just don’t be late or you’ll bump hamer22 [02:25]<Deadly01> copy, we can make it support rqd att [01:33]<ASOC_3>c, rock. [02:10]<MNCG_2>Reported shots fired sect 23d [02:11]<ASOC_3>TIC03activated N361402 W1140232 [02:13]<ASOC_3>Strike44 enroute tic 03, QT pls activate betty sfc to 180 [02:13]<MNCG_2>mortar poo N361413 W1140155 [02:14]<QueenTk>rgr,ROZ Betty active sfc-180 ufn UNCLASSIFIED

  18. Operations Center Weather Msn Coord Msn Coord Msn Coord How the Missions are Managed Operations Center • Manages sortie generationand crew assignment • Provides msn comm and situational awareness (SA) to mission crews • Distributes video andtactical data link tracks • Provides weather and intel support to msns • Supports aircraft emergencies andmsn retaskings Air Crew Air Crew Air Crew Air Crew ArmyTOC DCGS MarineTOC DCGS SOFTOC DCGS SOFTOC DCGS Msn Coord Senior IntelManager Operations Supervisor CAOC LRE

  19. Global Operations Concept ND ANG MQ-1 GlobalOperations Center 15, 17 RS, 3rd SOSMQ-1 NY ANG MQ-9 42 ATKS 39 Sq (UK)MQ-9 Distributed OperationsCentrally CoordinatedGlobally Applied CA ANG MQ-1 AZ ANGMQ-1 TX ANG MQ-1

  20. Consolidation and Allocation of Critical Resources AOR 1 GlobalOperationsCenter AOR 2 Global Ops Center • Matches dispersed resources to multiple combatant forces • Preset allocations andalignment for normal ops • Rapid reallocation for weather, equipment failures, combat surge needs • Multi-Aircraft Control Station run from ops center to feed aircraft to flying units near the target area AOR 3 Geographically Separated Stateside units

  21. Predator Self Image

  22. From Galileo to Predator 1609-Galileo discovers moons of Jupiter 1655-Lens used to discover Titan 2006-MTS-B Sensor Development of UASs will be a long and difficult process too! But we must lead the way.

  23. Why UAS? Now Missions That Need IntegrationCollaboration Persistence Was Missions That Are Tied-InTeamed-Up Tenacious DullDirty Dangerous

  24. Concepts in Automation • The mission drives the automation design • Automate to EMPOWER not replace aircrew • Autonomous = BAD, Highly Automated = Good • Hybrid Multi-Aircraft Control • Multi-control for low-dynamic periods • Single-control for high-dynamic periods

  25. High Altitude ISR Example Scenario • Image predefined targets • Occasional ad hoc targets • Altitude above 60,000 ft Ideal for Automation • Objectives clear and consistent • Above most weather, other aircraft, mobile threats Notional: Real-world environments and missions can be much more complex

  26. Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses Example Scenario • Electronically detect and classify threat systems • Predefined search area • Predefined rule set for prioritizing and targeting But impacted by • WX, other aircraft, threats • Airspace control and WX reporting not yet automated all the way to the aircraft Challenging for Automation Many aspects can be automated, but some still cannot

  27. Close Air Support Example Scenario • Fluid ground environment • Continually changing objectives • Difficult to ID friendly, enemy, and non-combatant • Airspace and weapons deconfliction is complex • Coordination by voice • Results proportional to performance, division of attention can cost lives Resistant to Automation Very difficult environment to codify

  28. Networked Multi-Aircraft Control • Networked-ControlAllows all aircraft to be monitored and controlled from one or more “Multi-Aircraft Control Stations” (MACS) and rapidly switch to the Advanced Cockpit Control Station • One Mind-One MissionThe Advanced Cockpit provides an immersive environment providing full control of one or more aircraft coordinating on a single mission. • Multi-Aircraft ManagerA pilot who controls multiple aircraft en route to and from targets and manages static/ autonomous missions. Network Server Multi-Aircraft Control Stations Advanced CockpitControl Stations

  29. AutomatedMission Integration • Automation is not just for aircraft ctrl, but for mission management too • Information is life! Build a virtual battlespace • Info fusion--multiple domains, multiple security levels Weather GroundForces Threats PredatorOperationsCenter Voice RadioROVER Video VideoDistribution Blue Forces Msn Assignment Msn Coord Synthesis Target Coord Airspace Coord Scheduling

  30. Automation Conclusions • The Mission Drives the Automation • One Mind – One Mission • Automate to Empower not Displace • Just say “No” to Autonomy • Information is Life • Network, Network, Network

  31. Questions?

  32. Concepts for Multi-Aircraft Control One to Many One to Many Benign Ops Manager One to Many Cooperative Engagement Swarm

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