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From toxic emissions to health effects – case study in Krakow Introduction to the project

From toxic emissions to health effects – case study in Krakow Introduction to the project. Policy framework. A European Environment and Health Strategy. Community Sixth Environment Action Programme . Specific policy issues addressed : The Clean Air for Europe (CAFÉ)

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From toxic emissions to health effects – case study in Krakow Introduction to the project

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  1. From toxic emissions to health effects – case study in KrakowIntroduction to the project

  2. Policy framework • A European Environment and Health Strategy • Community Sixth Environment Action Programme • Specific policy issues addressed: • The Clean Air for Europe (CAFÉ) • Ambient Air Quality Directives • Emission reduction Directives

  3. PM levels- AQ Monitoring Source Malopolska Air Monitoring Network

  4. Proposed EU target value:1

  5. Project consortium: Overall coordination: EC – JRC (Emissions and Health unit) Poland - Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection (GIOS) Other partners: Voivodship Inspectorate for Environmental Protection (WIOS) Malopolska Governor Office EC-JRC (Inland and Marine Waters, Climate Change units, IPTS, IRMM) NILU Polska Jagiellonian University National Environmental Research Institute (NERI) Dk. Institute of Meteorology and Water Management Polish-Italian Foundation S. Raphael Central Mining Institute …

  6. Objectives Investigation of relations between emissions, air quality and health impact in support to the design of emission reduction policies. FOCUS: Particulate matter (PM) and associated pollutants Case study: Krakow specific features: Coal widely used, High levels of PM and associated compounds, strong existing collaboration.

  7. From toxic emissions to exposure and health impacts:An integrated emissions, air quality and health impacts case study in Krakow, PO Changes in energy production, Transport, industry… Socio-Economic D DPSIR rivers WP1 Emissions from mobile and stationary sources WP2 Environmental P ressures WP5 WP4 Abatement policies EU, National and local levels Change in the level of contaminants in the air Policy Environmental WP3 R S esponse tate Changes WP6 I mpacts Impact on human health

  8. JRC laboratories: dioxin, PAHs and PM emission factors for coal combustion in residential sector PAHs emission factors for new generation vehicles In Krakow: emissions of dioxins and PAHs from dominant point sources Outcome: More accurate emission inventory, reflecting local circumstances Input data for source apportionment WP1 emission characterisation

  9. Emission inventories input to the Air Quality modelling adequate spatial and temporal resolution needed speciation of pollutants required Emission scenarios Modelling of Air Quality improvement due to different emission reductions WP2: Emission inventories and synthetic emission scenarios

  10. Outdoor: complementing existing monitoring network: more detailed spatial information + PM composition Indoor to link with outdoor levels and indoor activities Exposure PM personal exposure samplers Dioxines in the environment: Soils, vegetation . WP3: PM outdoor& indoor levels and human exposure measurement campaign

  11. Link between emissions and Air Quality contribution of various local emission sources as well as regional transport of pollution to the levels in the air complement and support the Air Quality Monitoring – extended spatial and temporal coverage Air Quality assessment for different emission reduction scenarios WP4: Air Quality Modelling

  12. Contribution of the various sources to pollution levels – fundamental information needed to focus abatement measures Outdoor + attempt indoor Complementing Air Quality Modelling WP5: Source apportionment

  13. More complete evaluation of the current situation in Krakow Estimation of changes in health risks based on emission reduction scenarios Medium scale pilot epidemiological study including some health effects WP6: Health impacts

  14. Air Quality Measuring Campaign- January/ February 2005

  15. Soil sampling- April 2005

  16. ERLAP Sites: INDU, TRAF, POLI, AGRI, ZAKO Measurements of: PM10- sequential samplers – 2 weeks of measurements on each of the sites Total PM10 mass collected filters will be analyzed for organic and inorganic compounds continuous PM 10 measurements (TEOM FDMS) - 3 days on each of the sites size distribution particles (0.3 – 20 µm) (GRIMM) - 3 days on each of the sites SO2 - 3 days on each of the sites PM 2.5 (Low Volume Filter device) - 3 days on each of the sites Volatile/ non- volatile PM10 concentration radon Meteorological parameters observation: temperature, humidity, pressure, wind direction, wind speed - 3 days on each of the site temporal resolution: PM10- sequential samplers, PM 2.5 - 24hs continuous PM 10, size distribution particles, SO2, volatile/ non- volatile PM10 concentration, meteorological parameters- 1 min -> 30 min radon- 1h Air Quality Measuring Campaign- January/ February 2005

  17. Indoor/ outdoor sampling Sites: 20 apartments (10 with coal & 10 with central heating) Measurements of : PM10- LV samplers- 1 week of measurements in each of the apartment (=140 loaded indoor filters and 140 loaded outdoor filters) Total PM10 mass organic and inorganic analyses… time resolution: 24 hours Air Quality Measuring Campaign- January/ February 2005

  18. Malopolska Air Monitoring Network Sites: Krakow:INDU (Nowa Huta), TRAF (Al. Krasinskiego), Krowodrza; ZAKO (Zakopane- Rownia Krupowa) Measurements of: SO2, PM10, NO, NO2, NOx, CO- continuous measurements(with different configuration of measurements on each of the site) PM10- from HV samplers (Nowa Huta, Al. Krasinskiego, Zakopane) PM 2.5 (Nowa Huta) Meteorological data (temperature, wind direction, wind speed) time resolution: SO2, PM10, NO, NO2, NOx, CO, meteorological data- 30 min PM10, PM 2.5 - 24hs Air Quality Measuring Campaign- January/ February 2005

  19. AEROSOL truck Sites: INDU – 15th – 22nd Jan; AGRI – 28th Jan – 5th Feb Measurements of: On- line PM10 mass concentration- 7 days on each of the sites Major inorganic components analyses Particle size distribution (10nm- 10 um ? or 0,3 um) Particles total number Volatility, hydroscopicity, absorption coefficient (EBC) 3. temporal resolution: 30 min Air Quality Measuring Campaign- January/ February 2005

  20. SPASS Sites: INDU – 15th – 22nd and28th January – 5th February (not continuous measurements but mainly at night); 4 apartments (2 with stove coal heating and 2 with central heating), - samples taken once a day for a week in each of the apartments (outside and inside at the same time); 4 monitoring sites; sampling in the chimney and exhausts from the old type of bus (for additional interpretation) Measurements of: characterization of the size dependent chemical composition and the state of mixing of the particles analyses of aerosol particles mass spectra analyses Air Quality Measuring Campaign- January/ February 2005

  21. Epidemiological questionnaire Spirometry test results Air Quality Measuring Campaign- January/ February 2005

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