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Figure 14-01

Figure 14-01. Removed stamens from purple flower. Transferred sperm- bearing pollen from stamens of white flower to egg- bearing carpel of purple flower. LE 14-2. Parental generation (P). Stamens. Carpel. Pollinated carpel matured into pod. Planted seeds from pod. Examined

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Figure 14-01

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  1. Figure 14-01

  2. Removed stamens from purple flower Transferred sperm- bearing pollen from stamens of white flower to egg- bearing carpel of purple flower LE 14-2 Parental generation (P) Stamens Carpel Pollinated carpel matured into pod Planted seeds from pod Examined offspring: all purple flowers First generation offspring (F1)

  3. Removed stamens from purple flower Transferred sperm- bearing pollen from stamens of white flower to egg- bearing carpel of purple flower LE 14-2a Parental generation (P) Stamens Carpel Pollinated carpel matured into pod Planted seeds from pod

  4. LE 14-2b Examined offspring: all purple flowers First generation offspring (F1)

  5. P Generation LE 14-3 (true-breeding parents) Purple flowers White flowers F1 Generation (hybrids) All plants had purple flowers F2 Generation

  6. Table 14-1

  7. LE 14-4 Allele for purple flowers Homologous pair of chromosomes Locus for flower-color gene Allele for white flowers

  8. P Generation LE 14-5_1 Appearance: Purple flowers PP White flowers pp Genetic makeup: Gametes: p P F1 Generation Appearance: Genetic makeup: Purple flowers Pp

  9. P Generation Purple flowers PP White flowers pp Appearance: LE 14-5_2 Genetic makeup: p P Gametes F1 Generation Appearance: Genetic makeup: Purple flowers Pp Gametes: 1 1 p P 2 2 F1 sperm P p F2 Generation P PP Pp F1 eggs p Pp pp 3 : 1

  10. Genotype Phenotype PP (homozygous Purple 1 LE 14-6 Pp (heterozygous 3 Purple 2 Pp (heterozygous Purple pp (homozygous White 1 1 Ratio 1:2:1 Ratio 3:1

  11. LE 14-7 Dominant phenotype, unknown genotype: PP or Pp? Recessive phenotype, known genotype: pp If Pp, then 1 2 offspring purple and 1 2 offspring white: If PP, then all offspring purple: p p p p P P Pp Pp Pp Pp P P pp pp Pp Pp

  12. P Generation YYRR yyrr Gametes yr YR LE 14-8 YyRr F1 Generation Hypothesis of dependent assortment Hypothesis of independent assortment Sperm YR Yr yR yr 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 Sperm Eggs YR yr 1 1 2 2 YR 1 4 Eggs YYRR YYRr YyRR YyRr YR 1 2 F2 Generation (predicted offspring) YYRR YyRr Yr 1 4 YYRr YYrr YyRr Yyrr yr 1 2 YyRr yyrr yR 1 4 YyRR YyRr yyRR yyRr 3 1 4 4 yr 1 4 Phenotypic ratio 3:1 YyRr Yyrr yyRr yyrr 9 3 3 3 16 16 16 16 Phenotypic ratio 9:3:3:1

  13. Rr Rr Segregation of alleles into eggs Segregation of alleles into sperm LE 14-9 Sperm R r 1 1 2 2 R R R r R 1 2 1 1 4 4 Eggs r r R r r 1 2 1 1 4 4

  14. P Generation Red CRCR White CWCW LE 14-10 Gametes CR CW Pink CRCW F1 Generation 1 1 Gametes CR CW 2 2 Sperm 1 1 CR CW 2 2 Eggs F2 Generation 1 CR 2 CRCR CRCW 1 CW 2 CRCW CWCW

  15. LE 14-10a P Generation White CWCW Red CRCR CW CR Gametes

  16. LE 14-10b Pink CRCW F1 Generation 1 1 Gametes CW CR 2 2

  17. LE 14-10c Sperm CR CW 1 1 2 2 Eggs F2 Generation 1 CR 2 CRCR CRCW 1 CW 2 CRCW CWCW

  18. Table 14-2

  19. BbCc BbCc LE 14-11 Sperm bC Bc 1 1 1 1 BC bc 4 4 4 4 1 BC BBCC BbCC BBCc BbCc 4 1 bC BbCC bbCC BbCc bbCc 4 BBcc Bbcc BBCc BbCc 1 Bc 4 bbcc Bbcc 1 bbCc bc BbCc 4 9 3 4 16 16 16

  20. AaBbCc AaBbCc LE 14-12 aabbcc Aabbcc AaBbcc AaBbCc AABbCc AABBCc AABBCC 20/64 15/64 Fraction of progeny 6/64 1/64

  21. Figure 14-13

  22. First generation (grandparents) Ww ww ww Ww LE 14-14a Second generation (parents plus aunts and uncles) Ww ww ww Ww Ww ww Third generation (two sisters) WW ww or Ww Widow’s peak No widow’s peak Dominant trait (widow’s peak)

  23. First generation (grandparents) Ff Ff ff Ff LE 14-14b Second generation (parents plus aunts and uncles) FF or Ff ff ff Ff Ff ff Third generation (two sisters) ff FF or Ff Free earlobe Attached earlobe Recessive trait (attached earlobe)

  24. Figure 14-15

  25. Figure 14-16

  26. Amniocentesis A sample of amniotic fluid can be taken starting at the 14th to 16th week of pregnancy. Amniotic fluid withdrawn LE 14-17a Fetus Centrifugation Placenta Uterus Cervix Fluid Fetal cells Biochemical tests can be performed immediately on the amniotic fluid or later on the cultured cells. Biochemical tests Several weeks Fetal cells must be cultured for several weeks to obtain sufficient numbers for karyotyping. Karyotyping

  27. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) A sample of chorionic villus tissue can be taken as early as the 8th to 10th week of pregnancy. LE 14-17b Fetus Suction tube inserted through cervix Placenta Chorionic villi Fetal cells Biochemical tests Karyotyping and biochemical tests can be performed on the fetal cells immediately, providing results within a day or so. Several hours Karyotyping

  28. LE 14-UN273 George Arlene Sandra Tom Sam Wilma Ann Michael Carla Daniel Alan Tina Christopher

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