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Personality

Personality. Definitions People and perspectives. Personality defined: per sona. What makes us recognizably the same from time to time and from place to place Patterns of behavior and thinking (Carlson) “...your characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting” (Myers).

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Personality

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  1. Personality Definitions People and perspectives

  2. Personality defined: per sona • What makes us recognizably the same from time to time and from place to place • Patterns of behavior and thinking (Carlson) • “...your characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting” (Myers). • Setting may influence personality, but strong or rigid personalities are consistent.

  3. Personality An individual’s pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting that persists across time and situations

  4. Personality and psychology • Biology of personality? • Personality development? • Personal learning styles? • Individual differences?

  5. Trait theories • Personality can best be understood as a pattern of enduring characteristics, called traits. • Allport: Personality word analysis • The five-factor model (“The big five”) • Neuroticism or emotional stability, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness

  6. Factor analysis-based trait theories • Cattell and the 16PF • Source traits and surface traits • Examples: Cool-warm, concrete-abstract, expedient-conscientious • Eysenck’s three factors • Extraversion • Neuroticism • Psychoticism

  7. The psychosexual development model of Sigmund Freud • Oral, anal, and phallic stages • Latency • Genital stage • Identification: Oedipus and Electra • Development vs. fixation • Defense mechanisms • Denial, projection, repression, sublimation, reaction formation

  8. Criticisms of Freudian psychoanalysis • Social conflict, not sexual: Horney and Adler--Id, ego, and super-ego • Development is different • Sexual repression and psychological disorders • But: Repression is currently controversial • A Christian critique?

  9. Biological factors • Temperament and heredity • Reactivity of brain centers • Drug influences

  10. Humanistic views of personality • Maslow and self-actualization • Carl Rogers and RESUPR • Self psychology • Self-concept • Self-esteem • Self-serving bias

  11. Social-Cognitive theories • Bandura’s reciprocal determinism • Locus of control (Rotter) • Learned helplessness (Seligman)

  12. Personality testing • Personality questionnaires and inventories • MMPI-2, 16PF, EPQ • Myers-Briggs? • Projective tests • Thematic Apperception Test • Rorschach Test

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