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SOLUTIONS

SOLUTIONS. ACTIVATOR---KWL CHART. Solutions. Are homogeneous mixtures (look the same throughout) Are PHYSICALLY combined See p. 401. 2 Parts of a Solution:. solute. solvent. Substance being dissolved Usually present in the least amount Ex: salt.

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SOLUTIONS

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  1. SOLUTIONS

  2. ACTIVATOR---KWL CHART

  3. Solutions • Are homogeneous mixtures (look the same throughout) • Are PHYSICALLY combined • See p. 401

  4. 2 Parts of a Solution: solute solvent • Substance being dissolved • Usually present in the least amount • Ex: salt • Substance that is dissolving something else • Present in most amount • Ex: water (“universal solvent”)

  5. CONCENTRATED DILUTE • More solute than solvent • More solvent than solute

  6. THE DISSOLVING RULE: “LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE” Water is a polar molecule: Polar solutes dissolve well in polar solvents Ex: salt water Nonpolar solutes dissolve well in nonpolar solvents

  7. See p. 406 Electrolytes Nonelectrolytes • Solutions that conduct electricity • Ex: salt water • Solutions that do not conduct electricity • Ex: sugar water

  8. IMMISCIBLE miscible • Do not dissolve well in each other • Ex: water & oil, oil & vinegar • Dissolve well in each other • Ex: water & sprite

  9. Ways to Increase Dissolving Rate • Stir • Powder/crush up the solute (this increases its surface area) • Increase pressure (this is Henry’s Law—if pressure increases, solubility increases) • Increase heat (this is NOT true for gases dissolved in liquids) see p. 414 top graph

  10. EQUILIBRIUM • When 2 opposing changes take place at the same time at the same rate • Ex: unopened coke can (see p. 408)

  11. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU OPEN THE COKE CAN????? • Effervescence----the rapid escape of a gas from its solution • Le Chatlier’s principle---when a system is stressed, a new equilibrium will be reached at new conditions (coke can will become flat when left opened)

  12. ALLOYS • Solutions of metals • Created to increase strength and to resist corrosion • Ex: brass, bronze, sterling silver, pewter, stainless steel, gold jewelry

  13. SOLUBILITY—how much solute will dissolve in a certain amount of solvent at a given temp & pressure • See p. 414 solubility curves • SATURATED—has max. amt. of solute ---is a point on the line UNSATURATED—has less than the max. solute --is a point below the line SUPERSATURATED—has over the max. solute ----is a point above the line ---temp & pressure have to be raised

  14. www.webassign.net/info/solubil.html

  15. Terms sheet • 1---3, 5---14, 24---25 (NOTES) • Define: 4, 15---23

  16. ACTIVATOR—WORD SPLASH • List as many words or phrases that come to mind when you hear the word “solutions”.

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