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FINAL REVIEW: SKILLS & GRAPHING I

FINAL REVIEW: SKILLS & GRAPHING I. 3. The items listed below were found in a science classroom. • a plastic heart with many of its parts labeled • clay formed to look like Earth and other planets • a giant plastic plant cell with removable cell parts

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FINAL REVIEW: SKILLS & GRAPHING I

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  1. FINAL REVIEW: SKILLS & GRAPHING I 3. The items listed below were found in a science classroom. • a plastic heart with many of its parts labeled • clay formed to look like Earth and other planets • a giant plastic plant cell with removable cell parts These items are all examples of: (1) models (3) variables (2) experiments (4) controls 4. Which of the organisms shown below consists of only one cell? • The graph below shows the water levels that • result from tidal action over a 24-hour period. What was the approximate height of the water on the tide marker at 6 p.m.? (1) 4.3 ft (3) 8.5 ft (2) 5.4 ft (4) 11.2 ft . (1) pine tree (3) mushroom (2) ameba (4) earthworm

  2. 5. The diagram below shows a student making a wet-mount slide. 2. The diagram below shows a tall beaker with four different liquids and their densities. Why should the student make sure the edge of the coverslip touches the drop of water before setting the coverslip onto the slide? (1) to increase evaporation (3) to reduce air bubbles (2) to clean the slide (4) to prevent breakage 6.A change in the environment that causes a response is known as a (1) stimulus (3) reflex (2) habit (4) source 7. The energy obtained from food is measured in units called (1) watts (3) degrees (2) Calories (4) pounds If a ball that has a density of 1.73 g/cm3 is placed in the beaker, where will the ball come to rest? (1) on top of liquid A (2) between liquids B and C (3) between liquids C and D (4) on the bottom of the beaker

  3. *Base your answers to questions 8-12 on the experiment described below. Heat was applied at a constant rate to a solid substance under controlled conditions. The temperature of the substance was recorded every 3 minutes. These data are recorded in the table below. 8. Use the grid above to construct a line graph from the data in the table. Follow the steps below. a. Use Xs to plot the data for time & temperature. b. Draw a line that connects the Xs. 9. Title the graph. _________________________ 10.What would the temperature of the substance be at 23 minutes? °C 11. What is the independent (manipulated) variable in this experiment? __________________ 12. If heat was added at a constant rate, why did the temperature remain at 16°C for 6 minutes? _________________________________________ TIME VS. TEMPERATURE 30 TIME THE SOLID CHANGED PHASE (MELTED)

  4. 13. A student wants to design a controlled experiment to solve the following problem: When placed in a freezer, will hot water or cold water reach 0°C faster? The student plans to place two containers with equal masses of water (one hot & one cold) in the same freezer in the classroom. a. List three conditions that should be constant for the hot water & cold water setups. b. For each condition, give a reason why the condition needs to be the same for both the hot water & cold water setups. SAME FREEZER TO ENSURE THE SAME TEMPERATURE. EQUAL AMOUNT OF WATER LESS WATER WILL FREEZE FASTER. ENSURE THE SAME DIMENSION OF THE ICE. SAME CONTAINER

  5. *Base your answers to questions 14-16 on the graph which shows average yearly temperatures for Earth from 1900 to 1990. 14.Describe what happened to the average yearly temperature on Earth from 1970 to 1990. Give one possible reason why this change occurred. _________________________________________ 15. What was the lowest average yearly temperature in the period of time shown? __________°F 16.In which 10-year time interval did the average yearly temperature show both an increase and a decrease? • 1915–1925 (2) 1925–1935 • (3) 1945–1955 (4) 1975–1985 GLOBAL WARMING & ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE 56.3

  6. 17.A student goes skateboarding a few times a week. The student notices that she can go faster while skating on some level surfaces than on others. She hypothesizes that speed has something to do with the surface she is skating on. The student wants to design an experiment to test this hypothesis. • Identify the independent (manipulated) variable in the experiment. • _____________________________________________________ THE SURFACES SKATED ON. b. Identify the dependent (responding) variable in the experiment. __________________________________________________ c. Identify two factors that will need to be held constant in the experiment. (1) __________________________________ (2) __________________________ HOW FAST SHE TRAVELS. THE SKATER, THE BOARD, THE DISTANCE. THE CONDITIONS, ETC…

  7. *Base your answers to questions 65 and 66 on the information and on the diagram below. A student set up the experiment below to learn about plant growth. The student added a different amount of water to four identical containers, each containing four seeds in 100 cubic centimeters of soil. All of the containers were placed in the same sunny location. 18. State a hypothesis being tested in this experiment. ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 19. a. Identify one constant. ______________________________________________ b. Explain why this variable needs to be constant. _____________________________________________ ______________________________________________ IF WATER HELPS SEEDS GROW, THEN CHANGING THE AMOUNT OF WATER GIVEN TO SEEDS WILL AFFECT THEIR GROWTH. NUMBER OF SEEDS, AMOUNT OF SOIL, TYPE OF SOIL, AMOUNT OF SUN, SAME CONTAINER, TIMING OF WATER ALL CONDITIONS MUST BE EQUAL TO REDUCE ANY ERRORS.

  8. *Base your answers to questions 20-21 on the Information below that shows temperature readings recorded every minute while a substance was being heated at a constant rate. The material was a solid before heating & a hot liquid after 7 minutes of heating. Give the graph a title. TIME VS. TEMPERATURE 20. Construct a line graph from the data table. 21. At what temperature did a phase change take place? (1) 35°C (3) 58°C (2) 53°C (4) 65°C

  9. 22. Diagram-A below shows a spring scale being used to weigh a 100-gram mass. Which diagram (1-4) best represents the correct reading for the same spring scale being used to weigh a 200-gram mass? 23. The table below shows the dates and the times of high and low ocean tides in a certain location. The data show a cyclic pattern. From the data, predict the date/time of the next low tide. May 7 2:46 pm Date: _________ & Time: __________

  10. *Base your answers to questions 24-26 on the map below which shows earthquake activity in and around the United States. Earthquake activity is indicated by dots. 24.State one reason that there are more earthquakes in the western section of the area shown on the map. __________________________________________ 25. According to the map, what is the latitude and longitude of the location at letter X? Latitude: _____________ Longitude: ______________ 26. List two actions that would be included in an earthquake emergency plan. (1) _______________________________________ (2)________________________________________ PLATE BOUNDARY, FAULT LINE, RING OF FIRE. 400 N 1100 W ESCAPE ROUTE, MEETING PLACE, FIRST AID SUPPLIES, FOOD & WATER, ETC….

  11. *Base your answers to questions 27-30 on the information below. A student determined that shaking a container of sand caused the temperature of the sand to rise. The student then performed a new experiment to see if shaking a container of pebbles would cause the temperature of the pebbles to rise. 27. Explain why the shaking caused the temperature of the sand to rise. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 28. Write a hypothesis for the new experiment. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 29. Identify the independent (manipulated) variable in the experiments. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 30. Identify the dependent (responding) variable in the new experiment. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FRICTION BETWEEN THE SAND GRAINS. IF SHAKING CAUSES SAND GRAIN TEMPERATURE TO RISE, THEN USING PEBBLES WILL ALSO CAUSE THEIR TEMPERATURE TO RISE. THE SEDIMENT (SAND OR PEBBLES). HOW HIGH TE TEMPERATURE RISES. 31. Which instrument could be used to determine the volume of an irregularly shaped solid?

  12. 32. The diagram below shows milk being poured into a measuring cup. 35. On the world map below, place an X so that its center represents the location at 40° N and 80° E. Which property of the milk can be directly measured using the cup? (1) mass (3) solubility (2) density (4) volume 33. The diagram below shows a ball held in place by two blocks. The diameter (width) of the ball is shown between the two blocks. X What is the diameter of the ball? (1) 6.0 cm (3) 14.0 cm (2) 8.0 cm (4) 17.0 cm

  13. 36. The data table below shows the mass of an 800 g block of ice as it melts to a 600 g block of ice. 34. Which graph shows that more grams of a substance can be dissolved in water as the water temperature increases? If the current rate of melting continues, how many more minutes will be required for the 600- gram block of ice to reach a mass of 400 grams? (1) 15 (2) 45 (3) 30 (4) 60 37. The diagram below shows a simple microscope. Parts of the microscope are labeled A, B, C,&D. Which part of the microscope is used to bring the image of the object on the slide into focus? (1) A (3) C (2) B (4) D

  14. 44. Which term identifies a group of cells that work together to perform a similar function? (1) molecule (2) organ (3) organism (4) tissue 45. Organisms that consume wastes to obtain the nutrients they need to survive are classified as (1) decomposers (3) predators (2) herbivores (4) producers 46. The diagram below shows a life process taking place within a cell. 38. All matter is made up of particles called (1) cells (3) atoms (2) molecules (4) compounds 39. The longitude of a location determines which time zone it is in. Different time zones are the result of the (1) Earth’s rotation (3) Earth’s revolution (2) Moon’s rotation (4) Moon’s revolution 40. One important difference between living things & nonliving things is that only living things have (1) compounds (3) molecules (2) elements (4) cells 41. To survive, all organisms must have (1) chlorophyll (3) energy (2) carbon dioxide (4) blood Which life process is shown? (1) reproduction (3) respiration (2) digestion (4) locomotion

  15. 47. The diagram below shows 20 grams of two different materials, A and B, on a laboratory balance. 42. The diagram below shows a rock being placed in a graduated cylinder containing water. What is the volume of the rock? Note: 1 mL = 1 cm3. Compared to material A, material B has a different (1) density (2) phase (3) mass (4) shape 48. The diagram shows water in a graduated cylinder. 10 mL Volume = __________ A student states that the graduated cylinder contains 150 mL of water. This statement is • a prediction (3) a theory • an observation (4) a hypothesis • 43. The diagram shows a triple-beam balance 49. Organisms that consume wastes to obtain the nutrients they need to survive are classified as (1) decomposers (3) predators (2) herbivores (4) producers 50. Which term identifies a group of cells that work together to perform a similar function? (1) molecule (3) organism (2) organ (4) tissue What is the maximum mass, in grams, that could be measured by this balance? (1) 110 (3) 610 (2) 500 (4) 1510

  16. *Base your answers to questions 54-55 on the information & diagram. A student was studying a prepared slide of cells under a microscope. The diagram represents what the student observed on the slide at a magnification of 100×. 51. The diagram below shows views of the same cells observed under a compound microscope before and after a laboratory procedure. 54. Identify the shaded structure shown in each cell. __________________________________________ 55. Draw what the student would see if the cells were viewed under 400× magnification with the same microscope in the circle above. What did the student most likely do to cause the difference between the two views? (1) increased the magnification (2) decreased the magnification (3) added stain to the cells (4) added water to the cells THE NUCLEUS

  17. *Base your answers to questions 52-53 on the diagram that shows an overhead view of two trains, A and B, traveling beside each other in the direction of the arrow. 56. The chart shows the inferred evolution of some dinosaurs during three time periods in Earth’s history. 52. When a passenger in train A looks at a passenger directly across in train B, it appears that train B is not moving, even though both trains are moving. How does the speed of train A compare to train B? ________________________________________ 53. What visual evidence observed by the passengers in either train lets them know that their train is moving in the direction indicated by the arrow? _________________________________________ Which dinosaur most likely evolved from Coelophysis? (1) Theodont (3) Tyrannosaurus (2) Triceratops (4) Camptosaurus 57. The diagram below shows four organisms. THEY ARE MOVING AT THE SAME SPEED. Which organisms above belong to the same kingdom? ___________________________________________ THE BIRD & SHARK= ANIMAL KINGDOM PASSING THE TREES OUTSIDE.

  18. 58. What is the relationship between the average mass of males and their age? 59. Construct a line graph on the grid below. Using an X for each point, plot the data for the age and average height of females. Connect the Xs with a line. *Base your answers to questions 58-59 on the data table that shows the average height in centimeters & average mass in kilograms for studentsage 8-16 years old in the United States in 1994. AS AGE INCREASES, MASS INCREASES.

  19. *Base your answers to question 60 on the information below. An experiment was conducted to observe the effects of acid on chalk, a form of calcium carbonate. Three pieces of chalk were carved with the same pattern and placed in test tubes A, B, and C. Equal volumes of water were added to test tubes A and B. The student blew through a straw into test tube B for five minutes, producing bubbles. An equal volume of vinegar (acetic acid) was added to test tube C and bubbles were produced. 60. What was the purpose of test tube A in this experiment? ____________________________ The next day, the student observed and recorded the results shown in the data table. CONTROL

  20. 61. The graph below represents the relationship between the amount of spring rainfall recorded at a pond and the number of frogs in that pond over 5 spring seasons. What is the difference between the number of frogs in the pond when the rainfall was 5 cm and when the rainfall was 20 cm? (1) 20 (2) 40 (3) 50 (4) 60

  21. *Base your answers to questions 62-63 on the diagram and information below that shows a ball hung on a string to create a pendulum. The pendulum’s period and angle of release are shown. The period is the length of time, in seconds, for one complete swing of the pendulum. Three different investigations to determine the period of a swinging pendulum are described below. • In investigation 1, the pendulum was released at different angles. The length of string and mass of the ball were the same for each angle. • In investigation 2, different lengths of string were used. The angle of release and mass of the ball were the same for each length. • In investigation 3, balls of different masses were used. The angle of release and length of string were the same for each mass. The data tables below show the results of the three investigations. 62. Circle the graph above that best represents the relationship shown by the data in investigation 1. 63. Determine the most likely length of the string used in investigation 3 based on the data provided in investigation 2. Answer: _______________ 29 cm

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