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Industrial Pharmaceutical Compression

Industrial Pharmaceutical Compression. Faculty of Pharmacy OCTOBER 6 University.

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Industrial Pharmaceutical Compression

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  1. Industrial Pharmaceutical Compression Faculty of Pharmacy OCTOBER 6 University

  2. COMPRESSION : It is process of applying pressure to a material .an appropriate volume of granules in a die cavity is compressed bet. An upper & a lower punch to form a single solid matrix ,the subsequent events are :1-transitional re-packing ,2- deformation at points of contact , 3- fragmentation &/or deformation , 4- bonding, 5- deformation of the solid body,6-decompessio 7- ejection .

  3. Formulation & processing are designed to ensure that the desired volume of granulation is fed into die cavity so that at a fast production rate & weight variation of final tab. Is minimal . • Granules flow with respect to each other . Spherical part. Undergo less particle rearrangement then irregular part. To achieve a fast flow rate the granulation is processed to produce spherical or oval particles .

  4. DEFORMATION at points of contact : when a stress is applied to a material , deformation occurs. If deformation disappears completely upon release of the stress , it is an ELASTIC DEFORMATION. When the granulation are so closely packed a further increase of compress ional force cause deformation at point of contact . Deformation increase the area of true contact & the formation of potential bonding areas .

  5. Fragmentation & deformation : At higher pressure , fracture occurs with infiltration of the smaller fragments into the void space . Fragmentation increase the NO. of particles & forms new , surface that are potential bonding areas . • BONDING : It occurs according to different MECHANISMS ,MECHANICAL THEORY, INTERMOLECULAR THEORY, & liquid-surface film theory. In MECHENICAL the edges of the particles intermesh.

  6. The mol. Or ions at surface of solid have SFE, which interacts with other particles in contact ( intermolecular force) to consolidate the particles . • THE LIQUID – SURFACE FILM theory attributes bonding to the presence of a thin liquid film , which may be the consequence of fusion or solu., at surface of the particle induced by the energy of compression .

  7. DEFORMATION OF THE SOLID BODY : As the pressure increased , the bonded solid is consolidated toward a limiting density. * DECOMPRESSION :The success or failure to produce an intact tab. Depends on the stresses induced by the deformation processes during decompression & ejection . A shape of tab. May be selected to reduce , exp flatfaced or oval tab.

  8. EJECTION : During ejection that portion of tab. Within the die is under strain , & if this strain exceeds certain strength , problem of capping occurs .

  9. PROPERTIES OF TABLET INFLUNCED BY COMPRESSION • 1- Density & porosity : Density is related to applied pressure , until the limiting of the material is approached . Porosity is inversely prop. Log of applied pressure , so linear relation with negative slop . • 2- Hardness & Tensile Strength : ability of tab. To withstand mechanical handling & transport , tests ( abrasion , bending , indentation , hardness , diametral , crushing ) . There is linear relationship between tab. Hardness & log of applied pressure except at high pressure . The strength of a tab. May be expressed as a tensile strength , breaking stress of a solid unit cross section in kg/cm2

  10. 3- SPECIFIC SURFACE :It is the SA of 1gm of material .influence of applied pressure on SSA of tab. Is that the SS is increased to max. value indicating the formation of new surface . Further increase in pressure produce decrease in specific surface . • 4- DISINTEGRATION : Usually , as the applied pressure is increased , the disint. Time is longer.

  11. 5- DISSOLUTION :4-common dissolution-pressure relation : • A- more rapid diss. As applied pressure is increased . • B- diss. Is slowed as applied pressure incr. • C- diss. Is rapid as applied pressure incr. till max. & further increase in applied pressure slows dissolution . • D- diss. Is slowed as applied pressure increase & then further increase in applied pressure speeds dissolution

  12. Http://groups.msn.com/october6university-Beta/

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