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Relevant activities in EMEP

Relevant activities in EMEP. EMEP Monitoring programme Expansion to the EECCA region, HTAP QA/QC. Wenche Aas EMEP/CCC (NILU). Monitoring programme/strategy :. Level 1 Main ions in precipitation and in air heavy metals in precipitations ozone PM 10 and PM 2.5 mass meteorology

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Relevant activities in EMEP

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  1. Relevant activities in EMEP • EMEP Monitoring programme • Expansion to the EECCA region, HTAP • QA/QC Wenche Aas EMEP/CCC (NILU)

  2. Monitoring programme/strategy: • Level 1 • Main ions in precipitation and in air • heavy metals in precipitations • ozone • PM10 and PM2.5 mass • meteorology • at ca 125 sites • Level 2, supersite (joint EMEP/GAW) • POPs • Heavy metals in air and aerosols • VOC • EC/OC, OC speciation • Mineral Dust • PM speciation incl. gas particle ratio • + all level 1 activities • 15-20 sites Both levels are mandatory by all Parties

  3. Challenges to implement the strategy Level 1 • Some Parties have difficulties to find national resources, most problems in Eastern Europe • Many sites lack a few parameters to get a complete measurement program of level 1 Level 2 • POPs and Hg monitoring receives little attention • VOC receives little attention (but EU directive addressing PAHs offers assistance) • Full chemical speciation of particles is difficult. It’s costly, and there are problems to harmonise methodology (i.e for EC/OC)

  4. Intercontinental transport of Hg Mercury deposition to Europe: contribution of continents of NH Total annual Hg deposition in the Northern Hemisphere POPs and O3 are also important topics in HTAP

  5. HTAP • Current ”integration” initiatives • WMO-GAW SACs and WCCs • EECCA region, monitoring capacity • Capacity building and improvement in infrastructures • Field data resources – meta data compilation (ACCENT) • Quality assurance documentation archive (ACCENT) • Initiatives towards “data flow harmonisation” • Harmonisation of monitoring strategies should be considered

  6. New EMEP sites in the EECCA region EECCA: East Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia Support from: CAPACT http://www.unece.org/ie/capact Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs KZ: Borovoye MD: Leovo GE: Abastumani AR: Amberd

  7. CAPACT project (2004 –2007): “Capacity Building for Air Quality Management and the Application of clean Coal Combustion Technologies in Central Asia” • Objective • The project will address the technological gaps and raise awareness of air quality management within the institutions in Central Asia. (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) • Improved policies for air quality management (emission, monitoring, reporting etc). • Investments in technologies for cleaner combustion of coal. • Improved national energy policies. http://www.unece.org/ie/capact/

  8. Expectations, EECCA countries • A very important region with very little monitoring today • High emissions • Strategic area for hemispheric transport issues • Links EMEP and EANET • Expected that most countries will sign the EMEP protocol soon. • Need to establish EMEP level 1 sites in each country. • Support can be found, i.e. from foreign aid money, EU, UNECE. • Training and capacity building is necessary.

  9. WMO ICP

  10. Why QA/QC is vital • Comparable measurements needed to make regional and global assessments • Need methods that are easy to use, cheap and long lasting for trend analysis (changing methodology may affect the trend • A harmonisation of methodology has been developed during the last 30 years and are still developing

  11. QA activities in EMEP • Site characterization • Documentation of methods and material • -detection limits, precision, accuracy, • -instructions for maintenance and calibration • Manual and standard operating procedures (SOPs) • Lab intercalibration • Co-located experiments (field comparison) • Training courses • Data checking and validation • -e.g calculate ion balance and time trends • Flagging data

  12. Necessary national QA/QC activities • Proper siting for representative measurements • Use recommended field and lab methods • Follow QA/QC procedures in field and lab • Evaluate the data and flag or delete biased or erroneous data • Report data in proper format and meta data: • information of methods • detection limits • Precisions • siting information

  13. Plotting time trends Plotting annual dataset Plotting ion balance

  14. All EANET sites is also included http://www.nilu.no/trajectories/

  15. Field inter-comparisons, SO4 in air Estonia Spain

  16. Comparison of SO2 measurements (filterpack vs. TCM) in Germany Schauinsland (DE03) Zingst (DE09)

  17. Summary of co-located SO2 measurements

  18. Measurement and model intercomparison ?? ES NO

  19. Lab intercomparisons annually

  20. QA flags based on lab and field intercomp.

  21. Intercomparison between networks CAPMon / EMEP -2007 • EANET / EMEP –2006 • Global intercomparison: • lab WMO GAW PC • Field – nothing

  22. Field intercomparisons, EMEP -EANET NO3 SO4 NH4 Na

  23. Summary • Global and hemispheric issues are more and more important • Lack of sites and measurements in several parts of the world • Need for further harmonisation of methods • QA/QC activities across the different regional networks are necessary • Initiative within the EU project ACCENT for a common meeting this autumn/winter

  24. Passive sampler and low cost denuder to be used in monitoring Wenche Aas EMEP/CCC (NILU)

  25. Passive samplers Advantages • Excellent for high spatial resolution • Representativity studies • Inexpensive • Easy to use, and high flexibility • No need for electricity nor a real station /site • Long term exposure – E.g: cumulative uptake of ozone to forest Disadvantages • Inaccurate compared to active sampler • Long sampling time (episodes not detected) • Should be checked against active sampler

  26. Passive samplers can be an alternative method in some cases • SO2 will be better taken from filterpack • NH3 and HNO3 is good supplements to filterpack to correct for gas/particle distribution –low cost denuder even bettre alternative • Depending on purpose of monitoring: • NO2 and O3 may be replace active sampler • But for health warnings and assessment hourly data are needed • POPs – good alternative for spatial assessment From IVL, Sweden

  27. POP passive sampler campaign • Objectives: • To gain new insight into the spatial patterns • consistent sampling and analytical methodologies • passive air samplers as a complementary measurements • supporting model validation Selected POPs: PAHs PCBs, HCHs, HCB, “New” POPs (PBDEs)

  28. Passive samplers for POP • samplers developed that provide weekly, monthly or yearly time integrated air conc. Polyethylene PUF

  29. Accuracy • Passive samplers and active samplers deployed at the same site/duration • Within a factor of 2 for various PAHs • Including higher molecular weight compounds associated with particles…

  30. Nitrogen deposition • NOx dry deposition relatively small • NH3 and HNO3 dry dep is important and it necessary to study the gas particle distribution between NO3 vs HNO3 and NH3 and NH3. Vd between gas an particle is very different • Filterpack method can be biased due to NH3NO3 evaporation from aerosol filet and/or HNO3 NH3 deposition on humid aerosol filter • Low cost denuder measurements is a good supplement/alternative – 1 month measurements

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