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Indonesian Women : Between Rights and Roles, Between Myths and Reality Arlinah I.R

Indonesian Women : Between Rights and Roles, Between Myths and Reality Arlinah I.R Asian Women Institute Pittsburgh April 12’ 2002. Is Indonesia a Moslem Country?. Indonesian Constitution ( UUD 1945) Indonesian Five Principle ( Pancasila).

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Indonesian Women : Between Rights and Roles, Between Myths and Reality Arlinah I.R

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  1. Indonesian Women : Between Rights and Roles, Between Myths and Reality Arlinah I.R Asian Women Institute Pittsburgh April 12’ 2002

  2. Is Indonesia a Moslem Country? • Indonesian Constitution ( UUD 1945) • Indonesian Five Principle ( Pancasila) Freedom for people to practice their own religion respect for one another

  3. Indonesia • Population : 270 million ( > 50 % women) • islands : 17,000 • ethnic groups : 300 • Some ethnic groups • Javanese : Kejawen, Hinduism, Islam • Sumatra : Batak : Christianity; Minangkabau : Islam • Bali : Balinese, Hinduism • Eastern Indonesia : mostly Christian • Chinese : Buddhism, Christian

  4. Cultural System • Mostly Patriarchal • Some are Matrilineal

  5. Javanese women • Patriarchal System • Suwarga nunut, nirwana katut • konco-wingking • a good woman: loyal, listens and submit to husbands. • high position at home, no place outside the home • brighter world nowadays in education, employment, activities ( in the cities) • still let husbands make decision

  6. Balinese women • Patriarchal System • Spiritual, family-oriented, hardworking and artistry • working is self actualization and devotion to God • double roles is a virtue ( inside and outside homes) • not enough rights ( polygamy, decision making for developing the community, politics )

  7. Batak women • Patriachal System • No rights for marriage, family decision making • respected in the family • No education until 1930 • the inheritance rights is lower than men’s

  8. Minangkabau Women • Matrilineal System • Property, titles, family names handed down through women sides • women’s family proposes for the marriage • the husband moves to the home of the wife • the husband takes care of his sisters’ family

  9. The myths ( formal) • Indonesian Constitution ( UUD 1945 pasal 27, 30) • Indonesian Five Principle ( Pancasila) • Indonesian Legislation referring to United Nation Convention (UU No 7 /1984) Equality for men and women

  10. The reality • more roles for women except in politics ( 2 ministers) • education plays an important roles in the increase of roles • not enough opportunities for education especially in the rural areas • limited rights in employment especially for low-paid workers and women living in the rural areas • discrimination in private sectors ( salary, recruiting, promotion, family benefit) • victims of unjust treatments and violence

  11. Indonesian Women in politics • Government Institution Women Men Percentage • Executive 18 177 9,2 % • Legislature 45 455 9 % • Supreme Court 7 40 14,8 % • State Accounting Board 0 7 0 % • Supreme Advisory Council 2 43 4,4 % • General Elections Commission 2 9 18,1 % • total 74 731 9 % • Governor 0 30 0 % • Regent 5 331 1,5 %

  12. Some Indonesian women eminent figures • Freedom Fighters : Cut Nyak Dien, Cut Meuthia (Aceh) • Politics : Marwah Daud Ibrahim (Sulawesi) • Education : R.A. Kartini , Dewi Sartika, Mien R. Uno , Anita Lie ( Java) , Astrid Wiratna (Bandung) • Literature : Ayu Utami (Bogor), Helvy Tiana Rosa (Aceh-Chinese), Marga T. (Jakarta), NH Dini ( Java) • Arts : Christin Hakim (Sumatera), Titik Puspa (kalimantan ) • Economics : Miranda S. Gultom, Rini Suwandi, Dr. Sri Mulyani ( Java) • Scientist : Dewi Fortuna Anwar (Sumatera), Pratiwi ( Java)

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