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Skeletal System

Skeletal System. Axial Skeleton. ______ bones. Appendicular Skeleton. __________ bones. Bony composition. Endochondral Ossification. Congenital and Hereditary Diseases. Osteogenesis Imperfecta. AKA: ____________________ _________ or congenital Serious disease

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Skeletal System

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  1. Skeletal System

  2. Axial Skeleton • ______ bones

  3. Appendicular Skeleton • __________ bones

  4. Bony composition

  5. Endochondral Ossification

  6. Congenital and Hereditary Diseases

  7. Osteogenesis Imperfecta • AKA: ____________________ • _________ or congenital • Serious disease • Bone cortex is thin and porous, and trabeculae are thin, delicate and widely separated • X-ray demonstrates various fractures in various stages of healing and general decrease in bone mass

  8. Osteogeneis Imperfecta

  9. Achondroplasia • Most common inherited disorder of the skeletal system • Results in bone __________ & dwarfism • Normal trunk size & shortened extremities • Usually no more than _____________ft tall • Clinical manifestation: • Lumbar lordosis, • bowed legs, • bulky forehead with hypoplasia, • narrowing of foramen magnum causing neural compression

  10. Achondroplasia

  11. Osteopetrosis • Bones are abnormally _________ and _______ but brittle • All bones are affected but most changes occur in long bones of extremities, vertebrae, pelvis and base of skull • X-rays demonstrate increase in thickness and density of bony cortex. • Increase in the # and size of trabeculae, reduction of the marrow space

  12. Osteopetrosis

  13. Scoliosis • ________ curvature of the spine • Does not usually become visible until adolescents • Affects girl more

  14. Scoliosis

  15. Rotoscoliosis

  16. Transitional VertebraOften called Lumbar Ribs • Takes on characteristics of both vertebrae on each side of a major division of the spine • 1st lumbar may have a rib • At C7 there may be a cervical rib

  17. Cervical Ribs & Lumbar Ribs

  18. Anencephaly • Congenital abnormality • _______ and _____ do not form • Results in death shortly after birth • Can be diagnosed with __________ before they are born

  19. Anencephaly

  20. Inflammatory Diseases

  21. Rheumatoid Arthritis • Chronic autoimmune that may fluctuate in severity • Overgrowth of the ________ _______ • X-ray shows soft tissue swelling & osteoporosis of affected bone. Bone erosion a& decalcification

  22. Rheumatoid Arthritis

  23. Osteoarthritis • Most common form of arthritis • Articular cartilage _____________ & gradually is worn away exposing underlying bone • Ostephytes & ______ _______ are on x-rays

  24. Osteoarthritis

  25. Osteomyelitis • Infection of the bone & bone marrow • Symptoms & signs include fever, heat in the affected area, & dull pain • X-rays demonstrate loss of bone calcium and soft tissue swelling

  26. Osteomyelitis

  27. Ankylosing Spondylitis • Progressive form of arthritis affecting the spine • X-ray shows bilateral narrowing & fuzziness of the SI joints • Calcification of the bones of the spine with ossification of the vertebral ligaments

  28. Ankylosing Spondylitis

  29. Gout • Is an inherited metabolic disorder in which excessive amounts of ______ _______is produced & deposited in the joint and adjacent bone • Bone changes include erosion & overhanging edges

  30. Gout

  31. Spondylolisthesis • Slipping of the body of the vertebra • Symptoms are similar to those of a herniated disk

  32. Spondylolisthesis

  33. Osteochondroma • _____________ bone tumor • Affects women more than men • Asymptomatic • Excessive bone growth • Cortex of osteochondroma blends in with normal bone and growth protrudes up & away from nearest joint

  34. Osteochondroma

  35. Osteosarcoma • Most common primary __________ of the skeleton • Highly ___________ and most often occurs in the bone marrow • X-ray appears as a sunray or sunburst

  36. Osteosarcoma

  37. Bone Cyst • Idiopathitic disease and is not a true neoplasm • Consists of numerous blood filled arterivenous communications • Most common treatment is surgical removal

  38. Bone Cyst

  39. MRI • Superior contrast resolution for soft tissue detail • Modality of choice for soft tissue tumor • Extremely useful in eval of joints • MRi detects a larger number of musculoskeletal subtleties with higher resolution imaging • Bone marrow imaging is better than nuc med scans for subtle abnormalities

  40. CT • Can be performed quickly & noninvasiely • Defines extent of fractures and dislocations • Superior to MRI for cortical bone and visualization of bony detail • Gives better bone detail than plain x-ray • Has been largely replaced by MRI for soft tissue

  41. Nuclear Medicine • Has advantage over CT & MRI because it can scan the whole body at one time • Can show if an injury is old or new • Still the standard for examination of metastatic processes because it demonstrates metabolic reaction of bone to the disease process • Is more sensitive than comparative radiographic studies

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