University of Nebraska - Lincoln July 6, 2010 Patti H. Clayton

1. Building Capacity for Excellence and Leadership in Civic Engagement at UNL:What, Who, How, and Why?Patti H. Clayton University of Nebraska - Lincoln July 6, 2010 • Patti H. Clayton PHC Ventures 2010

2. Civic Engagement means …WHAT? PHC Ventures 2010

3. Civic Engagement involves…WHO?HOWare they involved --What are their potential roles? PHC Ventures 2010

4. WHYCivic Engagement?Professionally … PHC Ventures 2010

5. Pathways into Civic Engagement (Saltmarsh) Mission Teaching & Learning Civic Engagement Community / Partnership Epistemology PHC Ventures 2010

6. Pathways into Civic EngagementPedagogy: “People worldwide need a whole series of new competencies...But I doubt that such abilities can be taught solely in the classroom, or be developed solely by teachers. Higher order thinking and problem solving skills grow out of direct experience, not simply teaching; they require more than a classroom activity. They develop through active involvement and real life experiences in workplaces and the community.”[Interview with Ted Marchese, AAHE Bulletin, 1996]“Why do we need more than a vocational education? In part, because we live more than a vocational life: we live a larger civic life and we have to be educated for it.” [D. Mathews]“According to the recent report by the National Center on Education and the Economy, “the core problem is that our education and training systems were built for another era, an era in which most workers needed only a rudimentary education ( p. 8). A 21st century education must prepare all of our students to be creative, innovative solution-finders who can deal with problems they have never seen before while working with people they have never met before, many of whom are very different in values, culture, experience and expertise from themselves, while the problem itself continues to change as they work on it.” [J. Ramaley, 2007] PHC Ventures 2010

7. Pathways into Civic EngagementPartnership: American colleges and universities are “one of the greatest hopes for intellectual and civic progress in this country. I am convinced that for this hope to be fulfilled, the academy must become a more vigorous partner in the search for answers to our most pressing social, civic, economic, and moral problems, and must reaffirm its historic commitment to what I call the scholarship of engagement…. What is needed is not just more programs, but a larger purpose, a larger sense of mission, a larger clarity of direction….Ultimately, the scholarship of engagement also means creating a special climate in which the academic and civic cultures communicate more continuously and more creatively with each other.”[Ernest Boyer, The Scholarship of Engagement. 1996.] PHC Ventures 2010

8. Pathways into Civic EngagementEpistemology: “…the pursuit of knowledge itself demands engagement. Increasingly, academics in many disciplines are realizing that their own intellectual territory overlaps with that of other knowledge professionals working outside the university sector…Knowledge is being keenly pursued in the context of its application and in a dialogue of practice with theory through a network of policy-advisors, companies, consultants, think-tanks and knowledge brokers as well as academics.” [ Association of Commonwealth Universities]“In short, the domain of knowledge has no one-way streets...We need to think of knowledge in an ecological fashion, recognizing the complex, multifaceted and multiply-connected system by means of which discovery, aggregation, synthesis, dissemination, and application are interconnected and interacting in a wide variety of ways. The ecological system of knowledge is complex and multidimensional, often messy and confusing, with many modes of feedback and many cross connections. ”[Ernest A. Lynton, “Knowledge and Scholarship”, 1994] PHC Ventures 2010

9. Pathways into Civic EngagementMission: “Universities engage multiple partners in the production of knowledge, and we cannot erect barriers between universities and communities in that process. We are, in short, all in this together.” [Rebecca Bushnell, Dean of the School of Arts and Sciences, Penn ]“Higher education in this country has always been expected to serve the public good. Sometimes, the emphasis is on preparing educated citizens or practitioners in especially critical fields. At other times, the discussion has been more about how public service can deepen and enrich learning and prepare students to lead purposeful, responsible and creative lives. Sometimes, the focus is upon institutions themselves as major intellectual and cultural assets and how those resources can be tapped to build healthy communities.” [Judith Ramaley, 2007] PHC Ventures 2010

10. Pathways into Civic Engagement (Saltmarsh) Mission Teaching & Learning Civic Engagement Community / Partnership Epistemology PHC Ventures 2010

11. WHY Civic Engagement?Institutionally … PHC Ventures 2010

12. WHY Civic Engagement?On an index card …1) Draw a box in the center2) Write in that box one thing about UNL you would like to see enhanced / changed / improved3) Draw 4 arrows, one coming from each corner of the index card, leading toward the box in the center4) Label each of the 4 arrows with 1 way that civic engagement can contribute to the enhancement / change / improvement you would like to see at UNL PHC Ventures 2010

13. WHY Civic Engagement?Citizen-ally… PHC Ventures 2010

14. WHY Civic Engagement?Flip the index card over …1) Draw a box in the center2) Write in that box one thing about “the community” you would like to see enhanced / changed / improved3) Draw 4 arrows, one coming from each corner of the index card, leading toward the box in the center4) Label each of the 4 arrows with 1 way that civic engagement can contribute to the enhancement / change / improvement you would like to see within “the community” PHC Ventures 2010

15. WHY Civic Engagement, nationally?Alignment with broader initiatives, such as* Student engagement / high impact pedagogies* Student access, transition, retention, success* Assessment* Learning communities* General education* Economic development* Faculty development PHC Ventures 2010

16. WHY Civic Engagement, nationally?Integration across faculty roles and disciplinesRecruitment: students and faculty/staff – next generationCollaboration with particular communities (local, regional, state, international) Civic learning (knowledge, skills, attitudes / dispositions / values) PHC Ventures 2010

17. HOW Civic Engagement, nationally?“Students as colleagues” / student leadershipDevelopmental design Focus on assessment / impact / research … beyond self-reported outcomes PHC Ventures 2010

18. HOW Civic Engagement, nationally?Systematic, integrated, intentional, co-created* Academic Affairs – Student Affairs collaboration* Cross-College collaboration* Multi-program / unit* Multi-partner* Focus on institutional transformation PHC Ventures 2010

19. Transformational Change Depth Pervasiveness [Saltmarsh, J. (2009). Adapted from Eckel, Hill, & Green. (1998)] PHC Ventures 2010

20. Institutional Change • “First-order” changes make improvements to existing practices. • “Second-order” issues and changes involve re-conceptualization or transformation of organizational purposes, roles, rules, relationships, and responsibilities, changes that move beyond programs, structures, and rhetorical positioning to involve institutional culture and underlying policy. Second order changes are significantly more difficult to enact and take sustained effort over longer periods of time. [Cuban, L. (1988) A fundamental puzzle of school reform. Phi Delta Kappan 69 (5): 341-44.] PHC Ventures 2010

21. Civic Engagement in the Big 10Carnegie Community Engagement elective classification* Penn State* Univ of Minnesota – Twin Cities* Univ of Michigan* Michigan State* Purdue University* Univ of Illinois at Urbana – Champagne* Ohio State* Univ of Wisconsin-MadisonNot (yet?) classified: IU, Univ of Iowa, Northwestern, UNL PHC Ventures 2010

22. Civic Engagement in the Big 10: U. MinnesotaOffice of Public EngagementTen Point Plan for Advancing & Institutionalizing Public Engagement (1) systematic accounting and assessment of engagement activities, programs, and initiatives (2) stronger, sustainable community connections that address pressing immediate and longer-term needs (3) supporting University personnel, programs, and centers involved in engagement work in the development of their expertise and prominence as national and international (4) opportunities for individuals, departments, centers, units, etc. to share their work and expertise, cultivate new collaborations (e.g. new interdisciplinary initiatives, etc.), and build alliances (5) extramural funds that support new engagement initiatives and programs (6) raising the University’s status as one of the leading engaged research universities in the world (7) expanding the University’s leadership role in national and international engagement networks (8) innovative public engagement initiatives (9) cultivation of emerging engaged scholars (10) strategic initiatives that raise the status and legitimacy of engaged scholarship PHC Ventures 2010

23. Civic Engagement in the Big 10: Michigan St. University Outreach and Engagement, including Center for Service-Learning and Community EngagementThe Outreach and Engagement Measurement Instrument (OEMI): annual survey collects data on faculty / academic staff outreach & engagement • Data on faculty effort : Time spent; Social issues; University strategic imperatives; Forms of outreach ; Location; Non-university participants; External funding; In-kind support • Data on specific projects: Purposes; Methods; Involvement of partners, units, and students; Impacts on ongoing research; Impacts on external audiencesTools of Engagement: Collaborating with Community Partners (online modules) PHC Ventures 2010

24. Civic Engagement in the Big 10: UNL ???Civic learning integrated into Gen Ed (ACE) objectives Develop intellectual and practical skillsBuild knowledgeExercise individual and social responsibilitiesIntegrate and adapt capacitiesArticulating, generating, and assessing civic learning throughout these domains PHC Ventures 2010

25. Develop intellectual and practical skills1- Writing: purpose, audience, research, documentation2- Communication competence3- Reasoning to solve problems, etcOutcomes for civic learning about skills:Adeptness at critical thinking, conflict resolution, and cooperative methodsAbility to listen eloquently and speak confidentlySkills in deliberation, dialogue, and community buildingDevelopment of a civic imaginationCapacity to work well across multiple differences PHC Ventures 2010

26. Build knowledge re: culture, natural/physical4- Use methods and knowledge to address problems … 6- … evaluate human behavior …Outcomes for civic learning about knowledge:Recognition that knowledge is dynamic & changing Understanding that knowledge is socially constructed and implicated with powerFamiliarity with key historical struggles and movements to achieve the full promise of democracyDeep knowledge about the fundamental principles of and arguments about democracy over timeAbility to describe the main civic intellectual debates within one’s major PHC Ventures 2010

27. Exercise individual and social responsibilities8- Ethical principles, civics, stewardship9- Global awarenessOutcomes for civic learning about the self, about communities and cultures, and about values:Awareness of ways one’s identity is connected to inherited and chosen communitiesAbility to express one’s voice to effect changeCapacity to describe comparative civic traditions expressed within and by different cultural groupsExploration of core animating personal values PHC Ventures 2010

28. Civic Engagement in the Big 10: UNL ???Civic Engagement Certificate: What will be distinctive?* Academic Affairs – Student Affairs collaboration (leverage creative tension)* Creative mix of pedagogies with goals that transcend competencies/skills* ???Virtual Civic Engagement Center: What will be distinctive?* Substance? * Process?* ???What about UNL’s identity / “story” can be leveraged and integrated?* Globalization / internationalization* General Education (ACE) objectives* Building on first year curriculum in 2nd and 3rd year* Recognition for focus on reducing high-risk behaviors* ??? PHC Ventures 2010

29. Civic Engagement means …WHAT? PHC Ventures 2010

30. Civic Engagement: What do we say? What do we mean? • Patti H. Clayton • Civic Education • Civic Engagement • Community Engagement • Community-Based Learning / Research • Community Service • Engaged Scholarship • Experiential Learning • Outreach • Participatory Action Research • Partnerships • Professional Service • Public Scholar • Public Service • Scholarship of Engagement • Scholarship on Engagement • Service • Service-Learning • Student Engagement • Volunteerism • etc. etc. etc. PHC Ventures 2010

31. “Community Engagement describes the collaboration between higher education institutions and their larger communities (local, regional/state, national, global) for the mutually beneficial exchange of knowledge and resources in a context of partnership and reciprocity.”[Carnegie] PHC Ventures 2010

32. “Engagement is the partnership of university knowledge and resources with those of the public and private sectors to enrich scholarship, research, and creative activity; enhance curriculum, teaching and learning; prepare educated, engaged citizens; strengthen democratic values and civic responsibility; address critical societal issues; and contribute to the public good.”[Office for Public Engagement, University of Minnesota] PHC Ventures 2010

33. “Civic engagement is loosely defined as a powerful experience that develops student knowledge and values and helps create leaders who are prepared to act as agents for positive social change. Grounded in service-learning methodology – a powerful teaching strategy connecting meaningful community service with guided instruction and reflection – civic engagement strengthens community by addressing needs identified by a local, national or international partner negotiated in advance of the experience.”[University of Nebraska – Lincoln] PHC Ventures 2010

34. Differentiation of Terms at IUPUICommunity Involvement* Defined by location* Occurs in the community vsCivic Engagement* Defined by location and process* Occurs in and with the community* Demonstrates democratic values of participation* Impact + Partnerships PHC Ventures 2010

35. Key elements of civic engagementConsensus? Contested?“Does EXAMPLE count as CE?” PHC Ventures 2010

36. “Community”In here / out there ~ Geographic ~ Organization type ~ Place or Practice or Purpose PHC Ventures 2010

37. “Engagement”in ~ on / to ~ for ~ with(“with-ness”) PHC Ventures 2010

38. “Partnership”Placement ~ PartnershipRelationship ~ PartnershipExploitative ~ Transactional ~ Transformational PHC Ventures 2010

39. “Reciprocity”“Thin” (mutual benefit)~“Thick” (shared power, voice, responsibility, resources, benefits, costs, …) PHC Ventures 2010

40. “Reflection”“Thin” (describe, look back on, review progress)~“Thick” (critical reflection) PHC Ventures 2010

41. “Resources”University has ‘em, community doesn’t~Range of assets brought by all: Knowledge / money / prestige / time / skills / past experience / perspective PHC Ventures 2010

42. “Needs”Community has ‘em, university can fix ‘em~Shared challenges in the context of our common life and future PHC Ventures 2010

43. Conceptualizing (and talking about) Civic Engagement: The Context and the StakesParadigm Shift PHC Ventures 2010

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45. [Modified from Saltmarsh, Hartley, & Clayton. (2009). The Democratic Engagement White Paper. Boston, MA: New England Resource Center for Higher Education.] PHC Ventures 2010

46. The Counter-Normative Nature of Civic Engagement Students? Research?Community? Teaching?Faculty? Service?Institution?“Shifts in perspective and practice” PHC Ventures 2010

47. Civic engagement often requires and fosters transformative learningOccurs through processes of examining, questioning, validating, and revising perspectives (Cranton, 2006)Changing frames of reference by critically reflecting on assumptions and beliefs and consciously making and implementing plans that bring about new ways of defining the world (Mezirow, 2000)Often occurs in the context of relationships that involve dialogue and action (Cranton, 2006; Merriam & Caffarella, 1999; Taylor, 2008; Eisen, 2001). [Jameson, Clayton, & Jaeger, in press] PHC Ventures 2010

48. “‘We are all learners, teachers, and leaders. We just have to give ourselves the opportunity to fill each of these roles. It’s hard. Sometimes the work spins by so quickly, it’s easy to skip this … Without it, however, the challenges build and the successes shrink.’ (Mondloch, community partner, in Stoecker & Tryon, 2009)And, we would add, without it the engagement process reinforces the technocracy that undermines a truly democratic society and fails to take full advantage of the mutually-transformative potential of participatory partnerships. The stakes are high.”[Jameson, Clayton, & Jaeger, in press] PHC Ventures 2010

49. Civic Engagement means …WHAT? Civic Engagement involves…WHO?HOW are they involved / What are their potential roles?WHY Civic Engagement ? PHC Ventures 2010

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