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Protecting Against Enemy Collaborators

Protecting Against Enemy Collaborators. In early years of war, FBI arrested thousands of Germans, Italians, and Japanese suspected of being a threat or having connections to pro-fascist groups.

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Protecting Against Enemy Collaborators

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  1. Protecting Against Enemy Collaborators • In early years of war, FBI arrested thousands of Germans, Italians, and Japanese suspected of being a threat or having connections to pro-fascist groups. • Thousands of Germans, Italians, and Japanese are relocated away from power plants and defense installations. Radios and fishing boats are confiscated, and curfews were established. 6000 Germans are taken into custody.

  2. Harshest treatment reserved for Japanese. FDR signs Executive Order 9066 calling for the internment of ALL Japanese and Japanese-Americans, regardless of citizenship, age, gender, or loyalty. • Thousands forced to leave their homes and businesses and forced into internment camps inland.

  3. Carrying Out the Internment • Why Japanese? 1. easily identified, 2. small population, 3. lived in small ethnic enclaves • Racism: Barber shop sign “ free shaves for Japs. Not responsible for accidents.” Funeral Parlor “would rather do business with a Jap than an American.” Existing laws barring Japanese-Americans from pools and dance halls and certain jobs and housing areas. Immigration Act of 1924 made further immigration illegal and made 47,000 Japanese-Americans ineligible for naturalization.

  4. During the entire war, no Japanese-Americans were convicted of espionage or sabotage. • “Fightin’ 442nd” composed of Japanese-Americans from camps fought in Italy; became most highly decorated US military unit in history • Over 30,000 Japanese men and women served during the war

  5. The Question of an Apology and Reparations • In 1988, Pres. Reagan signed legislation awarding $20,000 to each surviving Japanese-American who had been interned. • House Bill 442 also issued an official apology. • Conservative estimates are that internees suffered economic losses at least three times the total of reparations paid.

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