LCFS Indirect Land Use Change Expert Workgroup Carbon Emission Factors Subworkgroup

1. LCFS Indirect Land Use Change Expert WorkgroupCarbon Emission Factors Subworkgroup July 2010 Update

2. Membership • Sonia Yeh (University of California, Davis) – Co-chair • Richard Nelson (Kansas State University) – Co-chair • UweFritsche (Oeko-Institut, Germany) • Holly Gibbs (Stanford University) • Keith Kline (ORNL) • Steffen Mueller (University of Illinois at Chicago) • Don O’Connor (representing CDFA, S&T Consulting) • Michael O’Hare (University of California, Berkeley) • ARB staff representative: Kevin Cleary • Special thanks to: • SahokoYui, graduate student, UC Davis • Susan Tarka Sanchez, Lifecycle Associates LCFS Indirect Land Use Change Expert Workgroup July Update

3. For each task, we will discuss the following in the August Interim Report: • Approaches taken by CARB’s analysis • Approaches taken by EPA’s analysis • Other approaches and considerations • Preliminary recommendations LCFS Indirect Land Use Change Expert Workgroup July Update

4. Updates of Major Tasks - Databases • Review and compare between EPA-Winrock, CARB-Woods Hole and several other major C emission factor datasets and methodology • Land types and associated cover • Degradation factors to existing forestland • Data (and the spatial resolution) on C stock (biomass C and soil C), fluxes (sources and sinks) in the reference scenario • Identify additional datasets on carbon stock and fluxes and the methodology and assumptions that can be used to improve ILUC analysis (associated with specific scenarios) • Develop quantitative comparison of biomass/soil C stock and emissions by region and by type within the same database, and across database LCFS Indirect Land Use Change Expert Workgroup July Update

5. Major Database Included in Our Review • CARB-Woods Hole Research Center (WHRC) • National data (USA, Brazil) on emissions from shifting land use • EPA - Winrock • FAO – Forestry Resources Assessment 2005 (FRA 2005) • 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC 2006) • New IPCC Tier-1 Global Biomass Carbon Map for the Year 2000 Global Above-and Below-ground Living Biomass Carbon Density (R&G) • C stock estimates for tropical landscapes (Gibbs 2008) LCFS Indirect Land Use Change Expert Workgroup July Update

6. Carbon pools examined: • Above ground biomass • Below ground biomass • Deadwood • Litter • Soil C LCFS Indirect Land Use Change Expert Workgroup July Update

7. Updates of Major Tasks – Emission Factors • Changes in Biomass C Stocks • General equations • Harvested wood products • Changes in Soil C Stocks • Changes in Carbon Carrying Capacity • Incremental or foregone sequestration • Peatland Emissions • Fire Emissions • Soil C reversion • Changes when degraded/frequently burned lands come under management • Other Emission Factors (next slide) LCFS Indirect Land Use Change Expert Workgroup July Update

8. Updates of Major Tasks – Emission Factors • Other emission factors: • Additional fertilizers that will be required to improve yield (R Nelson) • Other inputs changes (e.g energy inputs +/-) associated with yield and/or management changes(D O'Connor) • Credits for crops that sequester N2O (R Nelson) • GHG emissions from land that stayed in the same use category but changed management practices (D O'Connor) • Accounting of harvested wood (S Mueller) • Other non-GHG aerosols and gases, such as ozone precursors, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), and black carbon (BC) (R Plevin) • Albedo and latent heat ( J Kløverpris) • Mode of clearing (burning vs. smoldering vs. mechanical) affects the BC and CO emission factors (R Plevin) LCFS Indirect Land Use Change Expert Workgroup July Update