1 / 16

Agro Ecosystem Development in Southeast Asia

Agro Ecosystem Development in Southeast Asia. Freidrich Seewald. 1) End of Pleistocene: development of new strategies (food production) responding to change in resource availability. 2) Mid-Holocene: formation of agro ecosystems as a new type of social risk. Lisa Kealhofer’s Analysis.

yori
Download Presentation

Agro Ecosystem Development in Southeast Asia

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Agro Ecosystem Development in Southeast Asia Freidrich Seewald

  2. 1) End of Pleistocene: development of new strategies (food production) responding to change in resource availability 2) Mid-Holocene: formation of agro ecosystems as a new type of social risk Lisa Kealhofer’s Analysis Agriculture production was propagated by 2 distinct events There is no evidence of environmental change in the mid-Holocene that would have caused changes in farming practices

  3. Cenozoic Time Scale

  4. Kealhofer’s Analysis VS

  5. Kealhofer’s Analysis • Agro ecosystem development was separate from domestication • Domestication was caused by environmental risk • Agro ecosystems were developed by changing social risks

  6. Social Risks • Group dynamics, economic, political, and religious (food tributes)

  7. Kealhofer’s Analysis • Evidence that early Holocene experienced increased rainfall and more frequent burning (swiddening) • Both of these suggest increased cultural management of ecosystems

  8. Kealhofer’s Analysis • Rainfall amounts and burning frequency occurred at different rates in Thailand • Resulted in regional differences in development • Central coastal and Northeast- 5000BCE • Central inland- 3000BCE • Southern- 2000BCE

  9. Kealhofer’s Take Home • The spread of agro ecosystems caused changes in social organization (friction) • New social groups • New roles for families • These may have intensified and moderated the friction

  10. Dorian Fuller et al.’s Analysis • Wet Rice Production and Methane levels

  11. Fuller at al. • Wet rice production produces methane • After 3000BC CH4 began increasing, therefore so did wet rice production • As rice production increased, per capita land use decreased and population rose

  12. Fuller et al. • The beginnings of rice agriculture were in the early-middle Holocene • Congruent with Kealhofer’s second event

  13. Fuller et al. • Rice domestication came to Southeast Asia from China • In Thailand Khok Phanom Di 2000BC • Northeast, Ban Chiang (earlier than Khok Phanom Di) • Majority of early rice fields were in naturally flooding zones

  14. Fuller et al. • 3000-1000 years ago livestock was dispersed throughout Southeast Asia

  15. Fuller et al. Take Home • Wet rice/livestock spread trend closely fits the Holocene methane curve • Increase in wet rice production and the increased domestication contributed to the increasing methane levels

More Related