1 / 41

‘ INFERTILITY

‘ INFERTILITY. Definitions. Fecundity= Physiological capacity to conceive Infecundity(sterility) = Inability of a woman to conceive - Primary sterility = Never able to conceive - Secondary sterility = Inability to conceive, having conceived in the past. INFERTILITY :Definitions.

yorick
Download Presentation

‘ INFERTILITY

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. ‘ INFERTILITY

  2. Definitions • Fecundity= Physiological capacity to conceive • Infecundity(sterility) = Inability of a woman to conceive • -Primary sterility = Never able to conceive • -Secondary sterility= Inability to conceive, having conceived in the past

  3. INFERTILITY :Definitions • Infertility: • Failure to achieve CONCEPTIONover a 12-month period of unprotected intercourse • Primary infertility: • Never having had a live birth • Secondary infertility: • Failure to achieve a live birth after having had a live birth previously

  4. TYPES OF INFERTILITY PRIMARY INFERTILITY SECONDARY INFERTILITY

  5. Male Reproductive System

  6. Normal Female Reproductive System

  7. EFFECT ON OUR EMOTIONS SADNESS

  8. Infertility:facts • Number of infertile couples globally - >100 million. • Associated with : • - Female factor - 40% • - Male factor-30-40% • - Common to both partners • 15-20% . • - Unexplained 5-10%

  9. INFERTILITY: HEALTH IMPORTANCE • Affects women status: the social stigma of infertility weighs especially heavily on women, and many women face divorce as a result • Burden on limited health care resources as infertile couples repeatedly seek help outside normal health facilities

  10. Cultural Interpretation of Infertility • Punishment by gods or the ancestors • Punishment for adultery • Conceptions take place almost • automatically as souls seek reincarnation • Witchcraft/Wickedness by evil men

  11. CAUSES OF INFERTILITY • VAGINAL • CERVICAL • UTERINE • PELVIC • OVARIAN • OTHER CAUSES • UNEXPLAINED

  12. VAGINAL CAUSES: Coital difficulty • Vaginismus • Vaginal Obstruction • Imperforate hymen • Absence of the Vagina • Vaginal Septum • Gynetresia • Poor Erection • Impotence • Premature ejaculation

  13. CERVICAL CAUSES: CERVICAL INFERTILITY: It involves inability of the sperm to pass through the mouth of the uterus due to damage of the cervix. Causes include the following: a) Inadequate or inhospitable cervical mucous b) Cervical narrowing or "stenosis" c) Infections of the cervix with common sexually transmitted diseases (Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, or trichomonas, as well as mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum) d)Immune attack of sperm or "sperm allergy" (Antisperm antibodies)

  14. UTERINE CAUSES: Anatomic problems (polyps, uterine fibroids, abnormal shape of the uterus, septum or "dividing wall" within the uterus) Thin or abnormal uterine lining Asherman’ssyndrome

  15. MULTIPLE FIBROIDS

  16. PELVIC CAUSES • Pelvic causes: include any disruption of the normal pelvic anatomy: • Scar tissue or "adhesions" • Endometriosis • Blocked, scarred, or distorted fallopian tubes, dysfunctional FT.

  17. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and infertility • PID: • Infection of the pelvic organs that cause severe illness and may lead to tubal blockage and pelvic adhesions leading to infertility • A common sequel to STDs, post-partum and post-abortal infections and some systematic infections e.g. tuberculosis, schistosomiasis

  18. Percent of women with tubal factor infertility following PID, by number of episodes The risk of tubal factor infertility increases with each successive episode of PID

  19. Ovarian Causes of Infertility • Ovarian Failure • PCOS • Anovulation • Poor ovarian reserve • Premature Menopause • Luteal dysfunction • Gonadal dysgenesis • Ovarian Cancer

  20. OTHER CAUSES OF INFERTILITY • age: AFTER 35YRS, most women may experience a decline in the ability to ovulate effectively. • MENOPAUSE: 49 – 56yrs • Abnormalities of the thyroid gland • Overproduction of prolactin (a hormone leading to breast milk production) • Physical stress, psychological stress and extreme lifestyle changes • Excessive male hormone (androgens)

  21. Cultural and social factors • Female genital Mutilation • Early age at marriage or sexual intercourse • Multiple sexual partners • Risk of genital infection

  22. Preventable causes • Infections–STI: • Chlamydia, • Gonorrhoea, • syphilis etc. • Infectious and parasitic diseases: • Tuberculosis, • schistosomiasis, • sickle cell disease.

  23. Preventable causes • Health care practices and policies • Unhygienic obstetric practices • Septic abortion and their complications • Postpartum and postabortal complications • Exposure to potentially toxic substances in: • Environment: Arsenic, aflatoxins, pesticides • Diet: Caffeine, tobacco, alcohol • electro-magnetic radiation • gamma, x-rays etc

  24. UNEXPLAINED INFERTILITY Why me syndrome ? • Approximately 10% of infertile women suffer from unexplained infertility. This simply means that the commonly performed tests to diagnose the cause of infertilty are all normal and do not define the reason for infertility. However, we perform a more thorough search for a cause, since many subtle abnormalities may be discovered to explain the infertility. Usually such problems are due to: • Difficulty in picking up the egg by fallopian tube • Failure of implantation of the embryo into the uterus • Failure of the sperm to fertilize the egg when in contact with each other

  25. MALE CAUSES • Stress • Heat to the genitals (e.g.. tight clothing, saunas or hot tubs) • Harmful lifestyle habits ( tobacco, alcohol, or drugs such as marijuana). • Short term illnesses, • significant stressful periods, • Medications may temporarily affect sperm counts. Low sperm counts Abnormal sperm morphology (shape) A low sperm motility are usually asymptomatic conditions to most males. Most cases of low sperm counts are "idiopathic" or unexplained. Some cases are associated with a swollen varicose vein in the scrotum, called a varicocele.

  26. MALE CAUSES • Blockage of one of the ducts allowing flow of sperm from the testicle • Injury, infection or prior vasectomy • Genetic absence of these ducts (cystic fibrosis) • Immune reaction against sperm (antisperm antibodies) • Testicular failure and other hormonal problems • Chronic medical illness (thyroid disease, diabetes, and hypertension) • Spinal cord injuries and paralysis • Varicocele Exposure to hazardous toxins, chemicals, or radiation Infections such as mumps, or venereal diseases Testicular injury (sports or work injury) Childhood illness (failure of a testicle to descend properly)

  27. INVESTIGATIONS • SEMEN QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS (SQA) • BASAL TEMP. CHARTS • TUBAL PATENCY TESTS • HORMONAL TESTS • ULTRASONOGRAPHY • LAPAROSCOPY • HYSTEROSCOPY

  28. Reducing the burden of infertility • Controlling Reproductive Tract Infections: • –Educating people about links between RTI and infertility • –Promoting use of condom • –Counselling high risk individuals • –Promptly treating infected individuals and partner notification • –Increasing access to RTI services

  29. Reducing the burden of infertility(cont.) • Preventing postpartum and post-abortion infections • –Safer birth practices • –Promote family planning • –Access to safe abortion services • Controlling endemic diseases-Malaria, Schistosomiaisis, Tuberculosis

  30. Treating infertility • Insist men be evaluated as well as women • Sensitive counselling to avoid inappropriate treatment and to discourage from seeking help at multiple clinics

  31. Treating infertility • Advising about timing of intercourse and other behaviours -smoking and alcohol • Helping couples to cope with social and psychological burdens of infertility • Helping couples to consider non-medical options such as adoption

  32. Treating infertility: Other options • Surgical techniques: Repairing tubal scarring, correcting other abnormalities of reproductive organs • Artificial insemination: Using husband’s or donor’s semen • In vitro fertilization techniques: Recovering mature ova, fertilizing them in lab, and then reimplanting in the uterus . • Advanced techniques: icsi, tesa, tesEpesa etc.

  33. IYE HOSP. REPRODUCTIVE CORRECTION CENTER (LAP./HYST. THEATRE)

  34. FRIENDLY SOLUTION CENTER

  35. LAPAROSCOPY TUBAL CANNULATION

  36. IVF/ICSI UNIT

  37. Infertility and Role Of FP Clinics • Reassuring clients that FP methods do not cause infertility • Dispelling local beliefs blaming infertility solely on women • Persuading individuals to seek early treatment of STDs • Offering basic infertility evaluations and treatment

  38. A MERE TEST OF OUR RESILIENCE We do not play God We do not create life We only help it’s expression. GOD IS ALWAYS THE ANSWER THROUGH OUR LORD & SAVIOUR. INFERTILITY

  39. YOU WILL SURELY CARRY YOUR OWN BABIES VERY SOON IN JESUS NAME THANK YOU & REMAIN BLESSED

More Related