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Classical Africa

Classical Africa. Nubia. Nubian Culture : 6000B.C.E. - 1500C.E. Geography : junction of Blue and White Nile between 3rd & 6th cataract Avenue of Ideas : spread to Egypt> monarchy, totem, smelting. Gebel Barkal. Nubia : Kingdom of Kus h. Nubian Kings. Piankhi: led conquest of Egypt

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Classical Africa

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  1. Classical Africa

  2. Nubia • Nubian Culture: 6000B.C.E. - 1500C.E. • Geography: junction of Blue and White Nilebetween 3rd & 6th cataract • Avenue of Ideas: spread to Egypt> monarchy, totem, smelting

  3. Gebel Barkal

  4. Nubia: Kingdom of Kush

  5. Nubian Kings • Piankhi: • led conquest of Egypt • combined ruler of Egypt & Nubia • Taharka: • defeated Assyrians • mentioned in bible • revived architecture & literature

  6. Nubian Queens • Candace: Title for Nubian Queen • Amarenas: One Eyed Candace • Defeated the Romans

  7. Reasons for decline of Nubia • drought • rise in Kingdom of Axum • Christian Nubia joined in alliance with Crusaders • conquered by Islamic Empire

  8. Artifacts

  9. Axum Axum

  10. Axum • Later became Abyssinia, then Ethiopia • 3,000,000 B.C.E. > Lucy or Dinknesh discovered in Eastern Ethiopia

  11. Stone Hewn Churches at Lalibela

  12. 1stCentury C.E. > Christianity spreads to Axum

  13. Celebration at Timkat

  14. Attack & Isolation • 1540 > Muslim attack on Abyssinia fails, but they lose control of port cities on east coast • 1880’s Abyssinia remained independent while rest of Africa colonized

  15. Great Zimbabwe

  16. Swahili Empire

  17. Dhows

  18. Ghana, Mali, & Songhay

  19. Griot • Keepers of memories, oral historians • bards>combine history, music, poetry, dance, drama • kept & passed on mental record of coronations, births, deaths, marriages, battles, etc.

  20. Kingdom of Ghana • Salt Mines • City of Taghaza = major salt producing center of the Sahara • salt mines = forced labor by slaves (criminals or captives from war) • life expectancy in the mines = 2 years

  21. Ghana’s Blacksmiths • mastery of metal work in iron & gold • revered & feared as powerful magicians, (the power over the elements of the earth) • closed & secret society • forge called “fan”, means cosmic egg from which all life was born • forge > • four basic elements • Fire, air, water, earth

  22. Timbuktu • Commercial Center • seat of Islamic learning and culture • largest city in Mali & Songhai Empires

  23. Mansa Musa • 1307-1332 • rebuilt capital, Timbuktu • pilgrimage to Mecca, 1324 • established universities

  24. Weavers of Mali • Respected & feared like Ghana’s blacksmiths • loom symbolic of nature • believed the gods sent spider to teach mankind magic of weaving • Anansi, the spider, major character in West African mythology

  25. B1 Songhai or Songhay Empire • Began in 7th century along Niger river. • great trading cities of Gao, Djenné, and Timbuktu.

  26. Askia Muhammad • king 1493-1528 • pilgrimage to Mecca • Transformed Songhai into an Islamic kingdom

  27. African Civilizations • Were as advanced as European civilizations during the Middle Ages • Stressed extended family ties • Were based on oral tradition • Were often matrilineal • Were weakened & destroyed by the slave trade during the 1500’s

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