Warm Up –based on your reading

1. Warm Up –based on your reading • How did the terms of the Treaty of Versailles impact the development of post-war Japan, Germany and Italy?

2. 1921 - 1941 The Global Crisis

3. Diplomacy of the 1920s • USA officially ends war w/Germany in 1921, but never joins League of Nations • Washington Conference of 1921 • Reduction in Naval ships & armaments b/w US, GB and Japan • Continuation of ‘Open Door’ policy in China • Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1929 –outlaws war as an instrument of national policy

4. Economic Policy • Dawes Plan, 1924 –Us banks would loan $ to Germany to make reparations payments, so Allies could pay back 11 billion in loans to USA • Circular loans –ends by 1934

5. ‘Good Neighbor Policy’ • Hoover removes troops from Haiti in 1928 • Latin America was largest source of trade ‘reciprocity’ • 1933 Inter-American Conference • US agrees not to interfere w/ the affairs of Latin American nations (revocation of Roosevelt Corollary) • Economic influence, not military • Increased exports & imports by 100% in the 1930s

6. Isolationism or Internationalism • FDR faced diplomatic challenges b/c • Americans weary of another world war • Nye Investigation of 1935 • US gov’t could not afford interventionist policies • Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act, 1934 • Lowered tariffs on non-competing goods; limited trade • Instability of European economies • 1934, US banks forbidden to make loans to any nation in default on WWI debt • Soviet resistance to forge relationship w/capitalist nations • Failed attempt in 1933-34 to control Japanese expansion in China • Rise of extreme nationalism in Italy, Germany & Japan

7. Why isolationism wins out • FDR claims that Nye Report is impressive • Exorbitant profiteering during WWI • Tax evasion by large corporations during WWI • Bankers pressured Wilson to intervene to protect loans to Allies • Asks Senate to ratify membership to the World Court –smear campaign by Hearst news & Fr. Coughlin • League is seen powerless to stop Japan in China • Italy drops out of League after conquering Ethiopia • Congress passes a series of ‘neutrality acts’ to prevent US involvement in hostilities

8. Neutrality Acts • Mandatory arms embargo against both victim & aggressor • President to warn US citizens that they travel on ships of warring nations at their own risk • Renewed in 1936 • Addition to 1937 renewal • belligerents could only purchase non-military good • had to ‘cash & carry’

12. AP PARTS H.R. 1776 A BILL Further to promote the defense of the United States, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate add House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act may be cited as "An Act to Promote the Defense of the United States". SEC. 2. As used in this Act - (a) The term "defense article" means - (1) Any weapon, munition, aircraft, vessel, or boat; (2) Any machinery, facility, tool, material, or supply necessary for the manufacture, production, processing, repair, servicing, or operation of any article described in this subsection; (3) Any component material or part of or equipment for any article described in this subsection; (4) Any agricultural, industrial or other commodity or article for defense.

13. Neutrality helps the dictators • Spanish Civil War (1936-1930) –fascists Gen. Francisco Franco wins control aided be US arms embargo of Neutrality Acts • FDRs ‘Quarantine Speech’, 1937 • Bombing of the Panay, 1937 Japanese aerial bombing of US gun boat • Germany -1935 Conscription -> 1936 invades Rhineland ->1938 invades Austria -> invades Sudetenland & rest of Czechoslovakia • Germany & USSR sign Non-aggression Pact (1 week later Germany invades Poland) • Merchant ship Robin Moor torpedoed by German submarine in S. Atlantic

14. Moving towards internationalism • Neutrality Acts of 1939 –European democracies could ‘cash & carry’ war materials • Finland loaned $30 million to repel Soviet advance • Congress appropriates $37 million to expand a 2-ocean navy • September 1940, US transfers 40 old destroyers to GB for 8 military bases in the Atlantic • Lend-Lease Act -‘blank check bill’ Jan 10, 1941 • FDR, Winston Churchill & USSR sign Atlantic Charter (Aug 1941) • creation of new system of general security • for conquered peoples at war’s end

16. US enters WWII • Dec. 7th, 1941 –’A date that will live in infamy’ • Precipitated by US freezing of Japanese assets in US and embargo oil sales • Attack of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii -> Guam & Wake Islands->Philippines; attack of British Burma & Hong Kong • Pear Harbor Hysteria led to EO 9066 –Japanese Internment in concentration camps

17. Closure –Answer as a group • Why did the neutrality laws fails to prevent America’s growing involvement with military conflicts in Europe and Asia? • How did the process of American entry into WWII compare with entry into WWI? • Would the US have entered WWII even if the Japanese had not attacked Pearl Harbor?

18. Group Work • Present your article- Audience Take Notes! • How did life change in America for your minority group during WWII? • What actions did the US gov’t take to promote or limit your minority group?