FORM, CONTENT, and MEANING

1. FORM, CONTENT, and MEANING Art within Physical and Psychological Spaces

2. COMPOSITION • We have already determined that COMPOSITION determines how and what your viewer will observe within the frame • COMPOSITION and FRAME are both considered “forms” • In film, the main concerns of “form” are distance and space and how they apply to the viewer psychologically

3. PERSONAL SPACE • In “real-life”, personal space is culturally defined • “Closeness” is a psychological concept

4. PERSONAL SPACE IN ART • In ART, distance is set up by the artist • The viewer has no control over their personal space because the artist is deciding how physically close the viewer is to the subject matter!

5. 3 BASIC DISTANCES IN FILM

6. LONG SHOT a composition where the subject matter is usually small, far from the camera, surrounded by large amounts of information about the environment and surroundings

7. MEDIUM / MID SHOT subject matter is closer to camera, usually occupying about half the frame (if a person is the subject, typically he or she is seen from the waist up)

8. CLOSE UP in a close up the subject typically fills the frame and very little of the environment is visible

9. NERVOUS MAN IN A FOUR DOLLAR ROOM • As we watch Nervous Man in a Four Dollar Room again, think about the concept of distance and space • When you see a Distance Composition happening on screen, call it out… Close Up! Long Shot! Etc.

10. When did you, as an audience, feel most likely to share this character’s feelings? When did you empathize, or feel sorry for him? • When were you most likely to judge him, make decisions about him, or be more intellectual about the situation?

11. THE BASIC FILM DISTANCES AS PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL INDICATORS

12. LONG SHOT in the Long Shot, the viewer’s emotional and empathy levels are down and the audience is prone to be intellectual and analytical about the image or situation depicted in the artwork

13. CLOSE UP in the Close Up, where the subject fills the frame and distance between subject and viewer has been closed, the viewer’s emotional levels have been raised - the intellectual is DOWN and the empathy is UP

14. THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE UGLY • The final showdown sequence in Sergio Leone’s The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly is very famous for its manipulation of “aesthetic distance”, or the use of the psychological connotations of Long, Medium, and Close Up composition forms • As we watch the segment, think about what it is the filmmaker is attempting to accomplish by deliberately manipulating the distance between the viewer and the subject matter

15. Visual structure of a film is based on the design of a series of aesthetic distances • Different types of shots / compositions have very different meanings for an audience

16. FORM GIVES MEANING TO CONTENT! • The MEANING of WHAT YOU SHOW is determined by HOW YOU SHOW IT!

17. Form and Content are equally valid to structure of a film • Form is harder to understand, however, because it is usually used AGAINST you as a viewer • The viewer gets caught up in the emotional connotations of the forms and forgets that what they are experiencing is not real, which is the basis for…

18. WILLING SUSPENSION OF DISBELIEF!