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BLUETOOTH

BLUETOOTH. The Universal Radio Interface for ad hoc, Wireless Connectivity. By Jeffrey Adams. Outline. Introduction The Bluetooth Air Interface Networking Authentication and Encryption Conclusion. Introduction. 1994 - Started by Ericsson “MC Link” 1997 – Ericsson contacted others

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BLUETOOTH

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  1. BLUETOOTH The Universal Radio Interface for ad hoc, Wireless Connectivity By Jeffrey Adams

  2. Outline • Introduction • The Bluetooth Air Interface • Networking • Authentication and Encryption • Conclusion

  3. Introduction • 1994 - Started by Ericsson • “MC Link” • 1997 – Ericsson contacted others • 1998 – Established SIG • Nokia • IBM • Toshiba • Intel

  4. Why is it called Bluetooth? • King of Denmark in the late 900s • Unite Denmark and part of Norway into a single kingdom • Introduced Christianity into Denmark • Jelling rune stone • Svend Forkbeard • Communications industry

  5. The Bluetooth Air Interface • Issues • License-free band • Frequency Hopping • Channel Definition • Packet Definition • Physical Link Definition • Interface Immunity

  6. Issues • Worldwide Operable • Supports voice and data • Physicality

  7. License-free band • 2.45 GHz frequency band • Allows for global availability • Open to any radio system • Range 2400 to 2483.5 MHz • Range 2471 to 2497 MHz

  8. Frequency Hopping • Problem • Solution • Divides the band into channels • Radios hop from channel to channel • Where hopping doesn’t solve the problem, there is error correction

  9. Channel Definition • Frequency-hop/time-division-duplex (FH/TDD) scheme • Channel configuration

  10. Packet Definition • Packets are data exchanged between the master and slave • Access Codes direct the packets to the proper master/slave group • Packets vary from single slots to multi-slots

  11. Physical Link Definition • Two types of links • SCO Link • Symmetrical • Circuit-switched • Point-to-point connections • ACL link • Symmetrical and Asymmetrical • Packet-switched • Point-to-multipoint connections

  12. Interface Immunity • Potential interference problems • Solutions • Frequency hopping • Forward error control • ARQ scheme protection • voice-encoding scheme

  13. Networking • Piconets • Establishing Connections • Scatternet • Inter-piconet Communication

  14. Piconets • 2 or more Bluetooth units • Form into master/slave configurations with a clock to track the hopping channel • Master units control things

  15. Establishing Connection • Wake-up sequence • Packet access code

  16. Scatternet • Competition for channel space • Help to alleviate this problem • Overlapping piconets • 1 MHz channel

  17. Inter-piconet Communication • Problem • Distinguishing the packet coordinates the hop • Master units can hop piconets if need be

  18. Authentication and Encryption • Base level encryption • Ciphering algorithms • Challenge-response routine • Stream cipher • Session key generation • 3 entities in the security algorithm • Bluetooth unit address • Private user key • Random number

  19. Bluetooth Devices

  20. Conclusion • Bluetooth is wireless connectivity • Allows for ad hoc networking • Much supported in industry

  21. References and Information • BLUETOOTH – The universal radio interface for ad hoc, wireless connectivity, Ericsson Review No.3 1998 • www.bluetooth.com • www.bluetooth.org • www.ericsson.com/bluetooth • www.palowireless.com/bluetooth

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