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Communication Disorders: STUTTERING

Communication Disorders: STUTTERING . Rebecca Forbes TLSE 457 Summer 2004. What is stuttering?. Speech impairment characterized by abnormal hesitations repetitions, blocks, and/or prolongations of sounds, words, or syllables avoidance or substitution of words

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Communication Disorders: STUTTERING

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  1. Communication Disorders: STUTTERING Rebecca Forbes TLSE 457 Summer 2004

  2. What is stuttering? • Speech impairment characterized by • abnormal hesitations • repetitions, blocks, and/or prolongations of sounds, words, or syllables • avoidance or substitution of words • example: “closet” stutterers

  3. Repetitions Blocks Prolongations Tremors Pitch & loudness rise Avoidance of talking Fear & Embarrassment Irregular breathing Related behaviors foot tapping, eye blinks, head turns Specific Characteristics

  4. What causes stuttering? • No known cause, only controversy • Theories • Genetic disposition • Biological explanation • Family Factors • Psychological factors • ex: conditioning

  5. Prevalence/Incidence Rates • Most frequent type of fluency disorder • About 1% of the population stutters (2-3 million people) • More boys than girls stutter (4:1 ratio) • Average person: 7-10% of speech is disfluent • >10% disfluency leads to stuttering • 50-70% of people who stutter have at least one relative who also stutters

  6. Assessment/Diagnoses • Speech and language pathologists • read out loud • pronounce specific words • talk (time wpm) • hearing tests • Tests determine whether or not a person needs speech therapy ex: NIU Speech Clinic

  7. What can teachers do? Instructional Ideas • talking slowly & clearly • answer ?’s after a pause • stay calm, don’t be bothered (patience!) • give reassurance & encourage talking about his or her stuttering • create a plan for class participation • allow increased response time VIDEO CLIP

  8. Technology and Stuttering • Feedback machine monitors speech (Delayed Auditory Feedback) • Classroom PowerPoint Presentations • educates peers while decreasing teasing • helps overcome the fear of speaking

  9. Interesting Facts about Stuttering • Stuttering occurs most often in left-handers • No stuttering when singing, speaking in unison, or whispering • Famous people that stutter • George Burns Thomas Edison • Charles Darwin Albert Einstein • George Washington • Bruce Willis • Marilyn Monroe

  10. References for Stuttering • Resources used in this presentation • http://www.stuttering.net/stuttering-facts.html • http://www.wiu.edu/users/mfrwq/whatisstut.html • http://asha.org/speech/disabilities/stuttering.cfm • Resources for school personnel • http://nsastutter.org/content/index.php?catid=8 • Video => Stuttering: Straight Talk for Teachers • The Stuttering Foundation, 2002 • Book => Stuttering and Your Child: ?’s and answers • Book => Understanding Stuttering by: Nathan Lavid • Book => Tangled Tongue: Living with a Stutter by: Jock A. Carlisle

  11. Thank you for your time and attention!

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