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Getting Power from Plastic – Solar Power Generation Using Blends of Organic Polymers and Nanostructures

Getting Power from Plastic – Solar Power Generation Using Blends of Organic Polymers and Nanostructures. By Dave Black and Shashi Paul. Solar Power. World energy demand increasing Photovoltaics currently <1% Two types Conventional Semiconductor (CSC) Excitonic Semiconductor (XSC).

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Getting Power from Plastic – Solar Power Generation Using Blends of Organic Polymers and Nanostructures

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  1. Getting Power from Plastic – Solar Power Generation Using Blends of Organic Polymers and Nanostructures By Dave Black and Shashi Paul

  2. Solar Power • World energy demand increasing • Photovoltaics currently <1% • Two types • Conventional Semiconductor (CSC) • Excitonic Semiconductor (XSC)

  3. Types of Solar Cell • First Generation (CSC) • Second Generation (CSC) • Third Generation (CSC) • Organic (XSC) • Hybrid (XSC)

  4. Encapsulation P-N junction Top Contact Bottom Contact CSC Device Structure Typical 1st and 2nd generation CSC solar cell structure

  5. CSC Device Structure Top Contact Anti Reflection coating Top Cell (GaInP) Tunnel Junction Middle Cell (GaAs) Bottom Cell (Ge) Substrate (Ge) Bottom Contact 3rd generation CSC multijunction

  6. Al/Ag electrode Exciton blocking layer Active layer PEDOT:PSS ITO transparent electrode Transparent Substrate XSC Device Structure Typical organic heterojunction solar cell structure.

  7. Why Organic? • Potentially Cheap • Materials expensive now • Price decreases as production increases • Quick to produce • Simple processes • Sputtering • Spin coating • Thermal Evaporation • Printing • Flexibility • Plastic substrates • Clothing • Fabric (already used by US Army) The Voltaic Generator, by New York-based Voltaic Systems, is the first solar bag powerful enough to charge a laptop. Photograph: PR

  8. 7 Stages of Excitonic Charge Generation • Photon incoupling • Photon absorption • Exciton formation • Exciton Migration • Exciton Dissociation • Charge Transport • Charge collection h+ e- Exciton h+ Nano-particle e-

  9. What is EMTERC Doing? • Next generation hybrid PV • Novel blends of polymers and nanostructures • Increased efficiency • Increased absorption • Low cost?

  10. Permittivity • Increased Permittivity • Tune Debye Length • Control exciton type • Increase diffusion length • Barium Titanate • High permittivity • Ferroelectric • Tetragonal structure

  11. Debye Length Debye length defined as: The scale over which mobile charge carriers screen out electric fields As LD increases so does charge separation.

  12. Increasing Permittivity Increase in relative permittivity with increasing concentration of barium titanate with phosphonic acid ligand.

  13. Increasing Photoconductivity Increase in photo-conductivity in light and dark conditions for polymers with and without “novel” material.

  14. The EMTERC Hybrid • Uses blend of polymer and NP • Has diode like behaviour • Difference between light and dark states • Work in progress

  15. Incorporating Nanostructures: Improve the number of incident photons captured by the solar cell Improve the number and type of excitons produced from incident photons Increase the exciton diffusion length Increase the number and quality of interfacial boundaries Future Work in EMTERC Transparent electrode Nanowires Aluminium electrode Active polymer matrix

  16. Any Questions?

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