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Celestial bodies:  A na t ural object o u t i n s pace.  I n cludes:

Celestial bodies:  A na t ural object o u t i n s pace.  I n cludes:. c o mets stars. p l anets mo o ns asteroids. Star s : g i ve o f f l i g h t and heat but are very far awa y . Ex . The Sun P l anet s : movi n g stars.

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Celestial bodies:  A na t ural object o u t i n s pace.  I n cludes:

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  1. Celestialbodies: Anaturalobjectoutinspace. Includes: comets stars planets moons asteroids

  2. Stars:giveofflightandheat butare veryfar away. Ex.The Sun Planets:movingstars.

  3. For thousands of years, stars have played important roles in peoples lives: • Farmers relied on the presence and the positions of stars to know when to plant and when to harvest their crops. • Explorers relied on stars for navigation • To tell time and start of seasons

  4. Patterns madeup ofstars. The pattern often looks like a familiar object such as an animal.

  5. Constellations are named after Greek and Roman mythology ...stories of kings/queens, villains/heros, animals, etc. • 88 constellations have been names, about 20 of which we cannot see in Canada (only observed South of the Equator).

  6. Ursa Major (includes the big dipper)is also known as the Great Bear.

  7. Orion – depicts a hunter with three prominent stars which form Orion’s Belt.

  8. There are 12 Zodiac Constellations which result from the Earth’s rotation around the Sun...which one is yours? Aries Mar. 21- April 19 Taurus April 20-May 20 Gemini May 21 – June 21 Cancer June 22 – July 22 Leo July 23 – Aug.22 Virgo Aug.23 – Sept. 22 Libra Sept. 23 – Oct. 23 Scorpio Oct. 24 – Nov. 21 Sagittarius Nov. 22 – Dec. 21 Capricorn Dec. 22 – Jan. 19 Aquarius Jan. 20 – Feb. 18 Pisces Feb. 19 – Mar. 20

  9. Because the Earth moves around the Sun every year, we see a different part of the sky every season. Some constellations are visible all year long, others are only visible in certain seasons.

  10. Celestialbodies moveincyclic pathscalledorbits. Theseorbitsresultfrom gravitationalforces. Planets,sunsand moons revolveona centralaxis.

  11. Stars generallymove fromeast towest. Thepointaround whichthe starsrotate is the NorthStar… Polaris.

  12. Aristotle(383-322B.C.E.) Visualizedthe universe as being geocentric. Thismeans theEarthisthecentre ofthe universeand everything else revolves aroundit.

  13. Hebelieved thatthe Earth wasa sphereduetothe curvededges observedduring a lunareclipse.

  14. Ptolemy(83-168C.E.) Basedhismodelonhis observationsof Mars. Mars orbital pathcreatesa loop ors-shapeinthe sky. Hismodelshowed eachplanet attachedtoa crystal sphere withitscentre atEarth.

  15. Eachplanetwasattachedtoan off-centrewheel (epicycle). Acceptedfor nearly15ooyears.

  16. Copernicus(1473-1543) Believedinaheliocentric universe(Sun at the centre). TheEarthrotated onitsaxis oncedaily andrevolved aroundtheSun once a year. **This model set the stage for other scientists to better understand and to propose their own theories based on this model. **

  17. Galileo(1564-1642) Firstpersontoview the “heavens”through a telescope. Allowed him toseeobjects about20x closer(not very strong but allowed him to see a few celestial bodies).

  18. Heobserved: • Cratersonthe Moon • SpotsontheSun • Four “stars” orbitingJupiter (calledtheGalileanMoons)

  19. Galileo’s findings strongly supported the Heliocentric Universe (Sun at the centre). The Catholic Church (Italy) believed in a geocentric universe and put Galileo on trial for his theory...he was found guilty and imprisoned for the rest of his life.

  20. JohannesKepler(1571-1630) Developed3Laws of Planetary Motion Allplanetsmoveinellipses withtheSunatonefocus. Planetssweep outatequal areasoftheir ellipticalorbit inequal times.

  21. 3.Thetime a planettakes to revolvearoundtheSun is directlyrelatedtohowfar awayit isfrom theSun.

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  23. SirIsaacNewton (1643-1727) Developedthe three lawsof motion. Firsttoshowthatthe forceof gravity affectsall celestial bodies, causingthem to stay inorbit.

  24. Scientists use Newton’s laws to calculate how to send people to the Moon and spacecrafts into space. • Invented the reflecting telescopewhichusesa • curvedmirrortofocusthe • lighttoa pointatan • eyepiece.

  25. Inner Planets Mercury Venus Earth Mars JovianPlanets Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

  26. As technologies advance and improve, our understanding of the universe also improves. • Two important inventions to the field of astronomy are: • The Astrolabe • The Telescope

  27. Usedtolocate andpredictthe positionof the Sun, Moonand stars. Developed around the time of Ptolemy.

  28. Alongwitha compass,itcould be used todescribethe positionof any celestialbody inrelationtothe direction North and tothe horizon. Allowed formoreaccurate observationstobe made.

  29. The Telescope is an optical (sense of sight) device that uses lenses to gather and focus light to provide a magnified view. The satellites orbiting through space are large telescopes.

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