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Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein: Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat

Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein: Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat. C.A. Grant 1 , C.D. Rawluk 1 , R.M. McKenzie 2 , D.N. Flaten 3 and A.M. Johnston 4

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Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein: Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat

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  1. Nitrogen Management for Enhanced Protein: Source and Timing of N Applications in Spring Wheat C.A. Grant1, C.D. Rawluk1, R.M. McKenzie2, D.N. Flaten3 and A.M. Johnston4 1AAFC Brandon Research Centre, 2Alberta Agriculture, 3University of Manitoba, 4Potash and Phosphate Institute

  2. Factors Affecting Protein Content of Wheat Crop Genetics weather Grain yield Agronomy Seeding Date N Movement to grain N uptake Soil Characteristics N supply and release

  3. Effect of N on grain yield and protein concentration

  4. Balance Crop Demand with Nitrogen Supply Nitrogen Supply Crop Demand In-crop N where crop demand exceeds soil supply

  5. In-Crop N Management For Protein • Is the extra N needed? • Source? • Urea, UAN, ammonium nitrate • Timing? • Seeding, tillering , boot, anthesis • Placement? • Foliar, soil-applied

  6. Methodology • Field studies from 1997-2000 at several sites in Black Soil Zone of Canadian prairies • Hard red spring wheat • 75 kg N ha-1 applied at seeding compared to 60 kg N ha-1 applied at seeding plus 15 kg N ha-1 as in-crop application

  7. Nitrogen source and timing effects on wheat protein content

  8. Change in protein content by 15 kg N per ha as AN at boot as compared to at seeding

  9. Predicting the need for in-crop N • Good growing conditions • yield potential exceeds the target yield • Visual N deficiency symptoms • Tissue N levels • Use of SPAD meter • Chlorophyll meter • Assesses “greeness”

  10. Protein Content and Leaf N Content as Related to Spad Meter Readings Melfort, 1999

  11. Nitrogen source and timing effects on increase in wheat protein content above N at seeding

  12. Nitrogen source and timing effects on increase in wheat protein content above N at seeding

  13. Nitrogen source and timing effects on increase in wheat protein content above N at seeding Early Seeding Date

  14. Nitrogen source and timing effects on increase in wheat protein content above N at seeding Late Seeding Date

  15. Uptake of Soil- and Foliar-Applied Urea by Wheat in two Growth Chamber Studies 50 ppm base N

  16. Under dry conditions, late N applications to soil may be unavailable Foliar applications may allow N uptake by plant greater advantage in drier areas? Foliar Application of N

  17. Summary • Benefit of in-crop N was variable • often only minor benefit over application of N at seeding • consider cost of extra operation • Ammonium nitrate >urea >UAN in increasing protein content • volatilization losses from urea • little actual foliar uptake • UAN may be beneficial with late application under dry conditions

  18. The End Thank you to Western Grains Research Foundation, ARDI, Westco, Envirotest Laboratories, Simplot and MII for their support of this research

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