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Assesment of of CO 2 EOR & Sequestration Potential in Gulf Coast Reservoirs

Assesment of of CO 2 EOR & Sequestration Potential in Gulf Coast Reservoirs. Mark H. Holtz, Vanessa Núñez López, and Caroline L. Breton. Bureau of Economic Geology. Objectives. To develop a comprehensive data base for the Gulf Coast.

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Assesment of of CO 2 EOR & Sequestration Potential in Gulf Coast Reservoirs

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  1. Assesment of of CO2 EOR & Sequestration Potential in Gulf Coast Reservoirs Mark H. Holtz, Vanessa Núñez López, and Caroline L. Breton

  2. Bureau of Economic Geology Objectives • To develop a comprehensive data base for the Gulf Coast. • To apply our screening criteria to determine miscible CO2 EOR resource potential and CO2 sequestration in the Gulf Coast. • To determine the geologic distribution of CO2 EOR potential in Gulf Coast oil reservoirs.

  3. Bureau of Economic Geology $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Carbonate reservoir (33) Sandstone reservoir (38) Pilots Full floods $ Current and Previous CO2 Pilots and Floods

  4. Bureau of Economic Geology Methodology • Sources of Data Texas: Atlas of Major Texas Oil Reservoirs, Atlas of Major Texas Gas Reservoirs, Railroad Commission of Texas, others Louisiana and Mississippi: TORIS database, others Alabama: Alabama Geologic Survey, others

  5. Oil-reservoir data base Candidate reservoir Bureau of Economic Geology Cumulative production > 1 MMSTB Yes Yes No Rejected Minimum miscibility Pressure (depth, temperature, pressure, oil character) Unknown No Rejected Reservoir depth >6000 ft Yes Yes No Has reservoir been waterflooded? Rejected Yes Does reservoir have water-drive mechanism? No Candidate for secondary recovery No B u r e a u o f E c o n o m i c G e o l o g y Rejected Decision Tree for Screening Candidate Reservoirs QAc4748x

  6. Geologic Province & Sub Province Bureau of Economic Geology Geologic Stratigraphy Depositional System Postdepositional diagenesis Tectonic overprint Postdepositional Physochemical Events Hydrocarbon & Drive Type Lithology Trap Type Geologic Play Decision Flow Path for Play Determination

  7. Bureau of Economic Geology Recovery Efficiency of Sandstone Reservoirs from Enhanced Oil Recovery Projects (1980’s) 7 Single well huff ’n’ puff S u b m a r i n e f a n 6 B a r r i e r / s t r a n d p l a i n F l u v i a l / d e l t a i c 5 14.5 %, Paradis, LA, Texaco 4 Frequency 17%, Little Creek, MS, Denbury (2004) Quarantine Bay, LA, Chevron 3 2 1 0 0 6 1 2 1 8 2 4 3 0 3 6 4 2 Q A c 4 2 3 7 c Recovery efficiency (percent)

  8. Reservoir Screening for Candidate CO2-EOR Flood Potential Texas: Oil reservoir database developed for Texas: total of 3,266 reservoirs. Applied screening criteria for 21 Texas Gulf Coast counties and 33 North-Central and East Texas counties. 360 candidates screened in Texas Gulf Coast & 274 candidates screened in North-Central and East Texas counties. Louisiana: DOE TORIS database utilized to screen 122 candidates. Continued work with LA Geological Survey as part of DOE SE Regional Partnership. Mississippi: DOE TORIS database utilized to screen 11 candidates. Current floods (Little Creek & Mallalieu, West) located. Continued work with Mississippi as part of DOE SE Regional Partnership. Bureau of Economic Geology

  9. Bureau of Economic Geology Estimation of Minimum Miscibility Pressure, (MMP) • Non-linear Multiple Regression for the Minimum Miscibility Pressure, (MMP) • Non-linear regression for the molecular weight of the C5+ Where: MW = Molecular weight of the C5+ fraction of the oil T = Reservoir temperature (F) Temperature gradient linear regression used for the Frio Plays 5, 6, 7, and 10 Temp = (0.015)*Depth(ft) + 77.45

  10. Bureau of Economic Geology CO2QLSP (metric tons) =0.05259*Np*Boi/Bco2 OOIP = 2Np NCO2 = OOIP*0.15 Storage Calculations • Quick Look (spreadsheet) Storage Potential (Based on Cumulative Production (Np)) • Gulf Coast Rules of Thumb Formation Volume factors 50% recovery factor (variable) 15% recovery factor

  11. Bureau of Economic Geology Areas with Miscible CO2 EOR Potential

  12. Bureau of Economic Geology Candidate Reservoir Geologic Plays Distribution South East Texas

  13. Bureau of Economic Geology Candidate Reservoir Geologic Plays Distribution South East Texas

  14. Bureau of Economic Geology Miscible CO2 EOR resource potential in the Gulf Coast By State

  15. Bureau of Economic Geology CO2 Sequestration capacity in miscible oil reservoirs along the Gulf Coast

  16. Bureau of Economic Geology Summary • Screening process identified all current and pilot reservoirs on the Gulf Coast. • All sizes of companies are beginning to capitalize on CO2 EOR. • Oil price and cost incentives are merging to form strong market conditions. • Pending legislation likely to influence market environment.

  17. Bureau of Economic Geology Thanks to Our GCCC Industry Partners NRG

  18. Bureau of Economic Geology Technical Advances since the 1980’s • 3D seismic for delineating fault blocks • Directional drilling for placing wells • Reservoir characterization for designing flood • Improved knowledge of CO2 flooding

  19. Bureau of Economic Geology Outline • Objectives • Methodology Database Screening Criteria Minimum Miscibility Pressure Storage Calculations • Results • Summary

  20. Oil-reservoir database Cumulative production > 1 MMSTB Yes No Bureau of Economic Geology Rejected Yes Minimum miscibility pressure (depth, temp., pressure, oil character) Yes No Rejected Unknown Yes Reservoir depth > 6000 ft No Candidate for secondary recovery Yes No Has reservoir been waterflooded? Yes No Does reservoir have water- drive mechanism? Candidate reservoirs Yes Rejected Methodology DECISION TREE FOR SCREENING CANDIDATE RESERVOIRS

  21. Bureau of Economic Geology Function for Obtaining Oil C5+ Molecular weight

  22. Bureau of Economic Geology Recovery Efficiencies of Gulf Coast Sandstone CO2 EOR Pilots

  23. Bureau of Economic Geology Screening Criteria • Temperature gradient linear regression used for the Frio Plays 5, 6, 7, and 10 • Non-linear regression for the molecular weight of the C5+ Temp = (0.015)*Depth(ft) + 77.45

  24. Bureau of Economic Geology Mole Weight C5+ 340 300 280 260 240 220 200 180 Estimating CO2 Minimum Miscible Pressure

  25. Bureau of Economic Geology 10,000 1,000 CO2 EOR (MMSTB) 100 10 1 Open platform Karst overprint Delta sandstone Shelf Sandstone Shelf-edge reefs, drapes Submarine fan sandstone Fan-delta\Braided stream Barrier\Strandplain sandstone Restricted platform, shoaling cycles, dolomitized Depositional System CO2 EOR Resource Potential in Texas By Depositional System

  26. Bureau of Economic Geology 1,000,000 100,000 10,000 1,000 Sequestration (MM Metric Metric Tons) 100 10 1 Open platform Karst overprint Delta sandstone Shelf Sandstone Shelf-edge reefs, drapes Submarine fan sandstone Fan-delta\Braided stream Barrier\Strandplain sandstone Restricted platform, shoaling cycles, dolomitized Depositional System Sequestration Potential in Texas By Depositional System

  27. Bureau of Economic Geology 1,000,000 100,000 10,000 1,000 Usage (MM Metric Tons) 100 10 1 Open platform Karst overprint Delta sandstone Shelf Sandstone Shelf-edge reefs, drapes Submarine fan sandstone Fan-delta\Braided stream Barrier\Strandplain sandstone Restricted platform, shoaling cycles, dolomitized Depositional System Usage Potential in the Gulf Coast By Depositional System

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