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Education and Political Tolerance. High. Political Tolerance. Medium. Low. Low. Medium. High. Education. Education and Political Tolerance. High. Political Tolerance. Medium. Low. Low. Medium. High. Education. Education and Political Tolerance - High IQ. High.
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Education and Political Tolerance High Political Tolerance Medium Low Low Medium High Education
Education and Political Tolerance High Political Tolerance Medium Low Low Medium High Education
Education and Political Tolerance - High IQ High Political Tolerance Medium Low Low Medium High Education
Education and Political Tolerance - Low IQ High Political Tolerance Medium Low Low Medium High Education
Var x Var y 1 -100 1 -100 2 10 3 100 3 100 1 -100 1 -100 2 10 3 100 3 100 1 -100 1 -100 2 10 3 100 3 100 1 -100 1 -100 2 10 3 100 3 100
Mean x mean of a sample μ mean of a population Sum of observations/ number of observation
Lovar HIvar 1 -100 1 -100 2 10 3 100 3 100 1 -100 1 -100 2 10 3 100 3 100 1 -100 1 -100 2 10 3 100 3 100 1 -100 1 -100 2 10 3 100 3 100
3.5 3.0 2.5 LOVAR 2.0 1.5 1.0 .5 -200 -100 0 100 200 HIVAR
Variance Sum of squared deviation from the mean / n-1 [(1 – 2)2 + (1 – 2)2 + (2 – 2)2 + (3 – 2)2 +(3 – 2)2 + (1 – 2)2 + (2 – 2)2 + (3 – 2)2 + (3 – 2)2 + (1 – 2)2 + (1 – 2)2 + (2 – 2)2 + (3 – 2)2 +(3 – 2)2 + (1 – 2)2 + (2 – 2)2 + (3 – 2)2 + (3 – 2)2 ] /19
Standard Deviation Square root of the Sum of squared deviation from the mean / n-1 √ [(1 – 2)2 + (1 – 2)2 + (2 – 2)2 + (3 – 2)2 +(3 – 2)2 + (1 – 2)2 + (2 – 2)2 + (3 – 2)2 + (3 – 2)2 + (1 – 2)2 + (1 – 2)2 + (2 – 2)2 + (3 – 2)2 + (3 – 2)2 + (1 – 2)2 + (2 – 2)2 + (3 – 2)2 + (3 – 2)2 ] 19
Types of Variables • Nominal • Ordinal • Ratio • Interval
4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 How carefully did the court consider your side of the story 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 .5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Putin Other federal authorities Militia or GBDD Doctors/emergency services Hostage takers Moscow city FSB Who is mainly guilty for causing your problems
4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 How carefully did the court consider your side of the story 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 .5 -.2 0.0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1.0 1.2 Putin first or second most guilty