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Jan 2012

Technical Basic understanding The protocols. Jan 2012. Basic understanding of communication protocols. What is a protocol? What is Dali, KNX, Dynet , LON, BACnet , DMX, 1-10V, Scada , BMS, OPC. Agenda. What is “Communication protocol”?. I am hungry. Yes, the weather is nice.

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Jan 2012

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  1. Technical Basic understanding The protocols Jan 2012

  2. Basic understanding of communication protocols What is a protocol? What is Dali, KNX, Dynet, LON, BACnet, DMX, 1-10V, Scada, BMS, OPC Agenda

  3. What is “Communication protocol”? I am hungry Yes, the weather is nice “Speak the same language” “Understand each other”

  4. What is “Communication protocol”?. A communications protocol is a system of digital message formats and rules for exchanging those messages in or between computing systems and in telecommunications. A protocol may have a formal description. Protocols may include signaling, authentication and error detection and correction capabilities. A protocol definition defines the syntax, semantics, and synchronization of communication; the specified behavior is typically independent of how it is to be implemented. A protocol can therefore be implemented as hardware or software or both.

  5. Example: How Dynalite works Send message on Dynet “Area 1, Lamp 1 => ON” Execute message on controller “Lamp 1 => ON” Dynet

  6. Why all these “control protocols”?. The lighting industry uses a remarkably diverse range of lighting control protocols. The reasons for this vary. In some instances, choice of protocol is cost driven, in others it is simply advancement in technology. 1-10V LoN KNX DMX512 Scada BacNet Dali DSI OPC Dynet

  7. Some “Lighting control protocols” Analogue Control 1-10V This is the oldest from of control, analogue control involves a single wire for each control circuit. The voltage varies (usually between 0 to 10VDC) and the voltage at any given time sets the intensity of the dimmer Fluorescent luminaires can be controlled from 10-100%, in this case 1-10V is used. 1-10V 1980

  8. Some “Lighting control protocols”Analogue Control 1-10V (0-10V) 100% 70% Analogue dimmer Controls 0-10V + - 0% 7V 0 10VDC mains Application: Analogue dimmers Pro: still used today, easy to troubleshoot (measure with voltmeter) Con: Todays lighting systems use many channels, at this level, analogue becomes very cumbersome and expensive Medium: 2 wire (polarity respected!)

  9. Some “Lighting control protocols”? BACnet (Building Automation and Control Network) BACnet is an American National Standard. This is literally a book which describes in great detail how to create an automation and controls system which may interoperate with other BACnet systems. The BACnetopen protocol uses addressable points for communication; no manufacturers dependent chipset BACnet Protocol (500 page manual) can be ordered 1-10V BacNet 1987 1980

  10. Standards: BACnet Management Level Standard: BACnet Automation Level Standard: LonMark KNX BACnet Field Level Some “Lighting control protocols”Bacnet Application: Building management, HVAC, Security and fire alarm systems, elevator monitoring, access control, lighting control, TCP/IP, network Pro: open, low purchase, high development investment Con: more complex to implement Medium: all

  11. Some “Lighting control protocols”? DMX512 The limitations of analogue control led manufacturers to investigate methods of sending multiple control channels over a single wire. The generic term for this is multiplex. (Digital Multiplex) DMX512 was the first standard method of digital multiplex. It was invented by the USITT (United States Institute of Theatre Technology) in 1988. Adoption of the standard by manufacturers was exponential. DMX 1-10V BacNet 1987 1980 1988 1988

  12. Some “Lighting control protocols”DMX512 Applications: Home theater/ stages(moving and color lights) Medium: twisted pair (TP) wiring, power line (PL), radio (RF), Ethernet (IP). Twisted pair wiring is most commonly used. Pro: controls multiple channels on 2 wire, no polarity Con: Limited to 512 channels on a single cable. No feedback Medium: 2 wire

  13. Some “Lighting control protocols” KNX • KNX is a worldwide standard for applications in home and building control, ranging from lighting, blind and shutter control to full building management systems including HVAC. • KNX (previously known as EIB) is an open standard protocol for intelligent buildings developed in Europe in the late 20th century. The KNX standard is supported by a large network of qualified contractors, planners, integrators and manufacturers around the world. • Open standard for communication DMX 1-10V KNX BacNet 1987 1980 1988 1999

  14. Some “Lighting control protocols”KNX Applications: Home & Building Automation Medium: twisted pair (TP) wiring, power line (PL), radio (RF), Ethernet (IP). Twisted pair wiring is most commonly used. Pro: interoperability, more then 250 members, EU standard Con: Low communication bus, high data transfer is not possible (video streaming)

  15. Some “Lighting control protocols” DALI DALI is supported by most of the lighting industry as the new digital standard in lighting control. DALI is a joint development, designed to meet all the requirements placed on a modern lighting control system. The aim was to create a uniform non-proprietary standard in the lighting industry. DALI does not define a lighting system. Instead it defines the digital communication between a control unit and the electronic control gear. DALI DMX DMX 1-10V KNX BacNet BacNet 2000 1987 1980 1988 1988 1999

  16. Some “Lighting control protocols”DALI Applications: Lighting control, luminaires Medium: 2 wire, no polarity. ( no special wiring required) Pro: international standard, cost effectiveness, easy installation and commissioning, Individual feedback messages (e.g. lamp fault) Con: Mainly lighting control, max 64 ballast controllers per universe

  17. Some “Lighting control protocols” SCADA SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) generally refers to industrial control systems (ICS): computer systems that monitor and control industrial, infrastructure, or facility-based processes. Infrastructure processes may be public or private, and include water treatment and distribution, wastewater collection and treatment, oil and gas pipelines, electrical power transmission and distribution, wind farms, civil defense siren systems, and large communication systems DALI DMX DMX 1-10V KNX BacNet BacNet SCADA 2000 2001 1987 1980 1988 1988 1999

  18. Some “Lighting control protocols”SCADA Applications: industry, Medium: all Pro: full control, management and diagnostic, maintenance procedures Con: mainly industry driven, complex installations

  19. Some “Lighting control protocols” LON (Lonworks) LonWorks(local operation network) is a networking platform specifically created to address the needs of control applications. The platform is built on a protocol created by Echelon Corporation for networking devices over media such as twisted pair, powerlines , fiber optics, and RF. It is used for the automation of various functions within buildings such as lighting and HVAC; see Intelligent building. The technology has its origins with chip designs (Neuron Chip) DALI DMX DMX 1-10V KNX BacNet BacNet SCADA LONworks 2000 2001 2006 1987 1980 1988 1988 1999

  20. Some “Lighting control protocols”LON Applications: Building automation, lighting and HVAC Medium: twisted pair, powerlines , fiber optics, and RF Pro: full control, management and diagnostic, maintenance procedures Con: Hardware based protocol

  21. Some “Lighting control protocols” OPC The OPC Foundation – The interoperability for Industrial automation OPC is a series of standards specifications Applications: Industry automation , Medium: twisted pair, powerlines , fiber optics, and RF Pro: open protocol, become a certified member Con: focus is on Industry OPC DALI DMX DMX 1-10V KNX BacNet BacNet SCADA LONworks 1996 2000 2001 2006 1987 1980 1988 1988 1999

  22. Some “Lighting control protocols” DSI Digital Serial Interface (DSI) is a protocol for the controlling of lighting in buildings (initially electrical ballasts). It was created in 1991 by Austrian company Tridonic and is based on Manchester-coded 8-bit protocol, data rate of 1200 baud, 1 start bit, 8 data bits (dimming value), 4 stop bits, and is the basis of the more sophisticated protocol Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI). DSI OPC DALI DMX DMX 1-10V KNX BacNet BacNet SCADA LONworks 1996 2000 2001 2006 1987 1980 1988 1988 1999 1991

  23. Some “Lighting control protocols”DSI Applications: lighting, luminaires Pro: each device has its own wire to the controller, no addressing to be set Con: It requires one wire per control channel so a sophisticated system could have hundreds of wires, thereby making diagnoses of problems difficult. It is a proprietary standard initially exclusive to Tridonic and mainly brands of Tridonic's parent company Zumtobel.

  24. Some “Lighting control protocols” Dynet Dynalite components communicate using DyNet, an open source modified RS-485 serial bus running along CAT5 cable, blue and blue/white carry the hot and cold signal respectively, orange and orange/white carry +12 V DC, green and green/white carry 0 V, Brown and Brown/white are unused. Baudrate: 9600bps Dynet DSI OPC DALI DMX DMX 1-10V KNX BacNet BacNet SCADA LONworks 1996 2000 2001 2006 1987 1980 1988 1988 1999 1991

  25. Some “Lighting control protocols”Dynet User Controls Audio Visual Lighting Blinds Heating DYNET NETWORK Ventilation Security Access Air Conditioning Applications: building and home automation, lighting control Pro: multi master system, with distributed intelligence no activity = No communication on bus Con: More closed protocol, only Dynalite devices are compatible on the bus

  26. The global picture Buildings Industry Luminaires KNX OPC 1-10V LON SCADA DMX Bacnet Dali Dynet DSI

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