Enabling Stability Operations, Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief Operations:

1. Enabling Stability Operations, Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief Operations: Training Opportunities to Consider that for Interagency Unclassified Information Sharing Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks and Information Integration OASD(NII) and the DoD Chief Information OfficerMr Bill Barlow Deputy Director, Integrated Information Communications Technologies (ICT) Support (IIS) DirectorateMarch 2009 UNCLASSIFIED

2. Agenda • Purpose • OASD(NII) Integrated ICT Support (IIS) Directorate • Organization and mission • Strategic goals and priorities • Illustrations of the problem: • Complex dynamics of Interagency operations • Examples of unclassified information sharing issues • Acknowledged challenges limit unclassified information sharing • Keys to successful information sharing • Training focus discussion • Keys to successful Interagency operations • Revised DoD Policy • Training opportunities • Training Focus Recommendations and Summary

3. Purpose • Describe the Integrated ICT Support Directorate mission and goals that support the interagency community. • Illustrate department-wide information sharing challenges that limit Stability Operations, HA and DR environments. • Offer proposed interagency training opportunities. • Discuss policy and programmatic efforts that can exercised during future training events. • Work on your behalf to address strategic and operational issues that affect unclassified information sharing

5. Integrated ICT Support (IIS) Directorate Mission " The Integrated Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Support (IIS)Directorate provides policy, oversight and guidance for ICT elements for stability operations, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief efforts (HADR), building partnership capacity (BPC), and contingency operations with particular emphasis on unclassified information sharing as a key enabler for these missions. The IIS Directorate assists in identifying technologies that enable information exchange and communications support for rapid demonstration, experimentation, and fielding. IIS leads the ASD/NII and DoD CIO outreach for Stability operations."

6. Multinational Interagency Academia UN USAID DCHA OFDA (AT, DART, RMT) OTI Region Bureaus IO IGO Internet Information Sharing Environments DoS PRM S/CRS (HSRT and ACT) HIU Host Nation NGO DoD CC/S/A SJFHQ/JTF Multi- National Military Illustrations of the problem: Complex dynamics of Interagency Operations - the common denominator

7. Illustrations of the problem: Information Sharing Issues Regarding support for May 2006 Indonesia Earthquake: “JFCOM will do whatever it takes to support current operations in this area.  In the mid term, we need to figure out how to disseminate unclassified data with the same priority we do classified data - perhaps more given the complexity of the long war and our need to communicate with non-traditional actors.  It is key to how we interact with other nations, OGAs, IOs, and NGOs at all levels of conflict.  Let’s work together to fix this shortfall with policy, technology, and processes that support rather than present obstacles. “ General Lance Smith Commander, U.S. Joint Forces Command, 29 May 2006 Regarding 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami lessons learned AND TSUNAMI: LESSONS LEARNED Effective coordination, partnership and stewardship are necessary to reach all children affected by an emergency. UNICEF Humanitarian Action Report, 2008 Regarding the 2008 Georgian Crisis: Department of State and USAID identified info sharing improvement recommendations to Department of Defense: • Need easier access to Civilian-Military Coordination Doctrine, reference documents, and Guidelines • Use of common terminology, standards (data, humanitarian i.e. Sphere) and interoperable software • Synchronized inter-agency training and education in civil-military coordination, information/knowledge management, and cross-cultural understanding • Knowledge map and humanitarian “social network” analysis to identify existing sources of information and the key USG, UN, NGO, donor and host government actors and their contact information Department of State Humanitarian Information Unit August 2008 DoD Geographic combatant commands identify unclassified info sharing with coalition, interagency, international and non-governmental organizations as part of “top ten” priorities. FY2010-2015 Integrated Priority Listings

8. Illustrations of the problem: Identified challenges that limit information sharing • Unclassified information sharing and coordination with non-DoD entities are problematic • DoD culture is “classify by default” rather than “share by default.” • Not everyone wants to share or cooperate with USG/DoD • Cumbersome, ad hoc networks; no sharing environment • Organizational cultures and stovepipes impede progress • Policies and procedures are unclear on release/sharing • Over classification and excessive caveats- ie. FOUO / SBU • Tactics, techniques, and procedures are not standardized or well known • Information sharing is not always recognized as “good” • DoD organizations are concerned about information integrity • NGOs are concerned about neutrality and cooptation • Risk aversion • Sharing must be bi-directional - DoD must offer what the Community of Interest requires

9. Training Focus Discussion: Keys to successful Interagency Operations • Use the training environment to improve the conditions that enable unclassified information sharing • Trust among organizations and people is crucial • Social networking and relationships enable the willingness to share • Leadership that motivates organizational changes to promote sharing • Clearly stated, common objectives • Unambiguous policies that direct what will be shared, with whom, and when – minimize room for interpretations that inhibit sharing • Clear understanding and agreement between actors on information needs/desires – who/what/when/where/why • Information needs to be accessible, visible, understandable and trusted by all who have a need to know It’s not just the technology …

10. Training Focus Discussion: Train and exercise revised DoD Policy • DoD Directive 8320.02 Data Sharing in a Net-Centric Department of Defense; Certified Current as of April 23, 2007 4.1 Data is an essential enabler of network-centric warfare (NCW) and shall be made visible, accessible, and understandable to any potential user 4.2 Data assets shall be made visible by creating and associating metadata (“tagging”). All metadata shall be discoverable, searchable, and retrievable using DoD-wide capabilities. • DoD Information Sharing Strategy, May 4, 2007 • Provide a common vision to synchronize information sharing initiatives and investments throughout the Department. • DoD Information Sharing Implementation Plan, Focus Area 6; July 22, 2008 • The lack of a federated SSTR architecture hinders combatant commands and mission partners in efficiently and effectively sharing information in civil support and SSTR operations.

11. Training Focus Discussion: Train and exercise revised DoD Policy • DoD Directive 3000.05, Military Support for Stability, Security, Transition, and Reconstruction (SSTR) Operations (November 28th, 2005) (under revision as a DoD Instruction 2009) 4.1: Stability Operations are a core U.S. military mission that the Department of Defense shall be prepared to conduct and support. They shall be given priority comparable to combat operations….. 4.3: Many stability operations tasks are best performed by indigenous, foreign, or U.S. civilian professionals. Nonetheless, U.S. military forces shall be prepared to perform all tasks necessary to establish or maintain order when civilians cannot do so. 4.12: Information shall be shared with U.S. Departments and Agencies, foreign governments and forces, International Organizations, NGOs, and members of the Private Sector supporting stability operations, consistent with legal requirements. • DoD Directive 3000.07, Irregular Warfare (December 1st, 2008) 4.a. Recognize that IW is as strategically important as traditional warfare. 4.b. Improve DoD proficiency for IW, which also enhances its conduct of stability operations. Stability operations are a core U.S. military mission that the Department of Defense shall be prepared to conduct …in accordance with DoD Directive 3000.05 . 4.h. Synchronize appropriate DoD IW-related activities with the efforts of other U.S. Government agencies, foreign security partners, and selected international organizations by supporting: 4.h(2) Integrated civilian-military teams for steady-state and surge activities,….. 4.h (5) Efforts to enhance information sharing, as appropriate, to increase situational awareness of irregular challenges.

12. Training Focus Discussion: Training opportunities Current initiatives to consider: Navy is active in unclas sharing and internet access for Stability Operations (NCE and InRelief) Army and Special Operations is working on joint civ-mil information sharing (JCIMS) USMC innovation to coordinate Stability Operations by using unclassified and non-classified networks to reach civ-mil participants (MARFORPAC) COCOMs are addressing civ-mil unclas info sharing as part of their exercises (AC 2009) COCOM info sharing portals are available but vary in effectiveness/usage COCOM and USAID liaison officer relationships Training opportunities to consider: Train and exercise leadership, staffs and responders to improve unclas “command and control” and “connect and collaborate” functions Better incorporate knowledge management and unclas info sharing efforts amongst the Interagency as part of exercise planning Use of “live” NGO involvement and engagement in exercises (not role players) Create events that require increased awareness to determine what information DoD will share, with whom, and during which components of a response operation Strive to bridge and/or minimize cultural barriers that prevent information sharing

13. Recommendations and Conclusion • DoD and its Service Schools (and other Interagency training) need to include curriculum that trains our ICT professionals to include external information sharing in their planning and equipping • Seek opportunities to support the objective of better engagement with external participants during SSTR, HADR, IW efforts within your training regimen • Include opportunities that foster better awareness of DoD and Interagency policy and guidance • Strive for increased NGO participation in exercise planning and conduct • Use exercises as the opportunity to improve unclassified information sharing policy and operations • Collect and elevate ICT lessons learned that need improved DoD policy • Consider increased usage of the DoD Foreign Disclosure Process to get unclassified information in the hands of Interagency and non-governmental organizations

14. Contact Information Mr. Al Johnson Director, Integrated Information Communications Technologies (ICT) Support Directorate Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Networks and Information Integration 1235 S. Clark St., Crystal Gateway One, Suite 601, Arlington, VA 22202-4363 Voice Primary: +1(703) 697-8190 Voice Alternate: +1 (703) 601-2442 Fax: +1 (703) 601-2445 Al.Johnson@osd.mil Mr. William (Bill) Barlow Deputy Director, ICT Support Directorate Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Networks and Information Integration 1235 S. Clark St., Crystal Gateway One, Suite 601, Arlington, VA 22202-4363 Voice Primary: +1(703) 601-2437 Voice Alternate: +1 (703) 601-2442 Fax: +1 (703) 601-2445 William.Barlow@osd.mil