Turn to page 171 in your textbook and answer the following…

1. Quaestio: Were political and cultural differences between East and West the main cause of the Great Schism? Turn to page 171 in your textbook and answer the following… Nunc Agenda

2. Nunc Agenda (p 171) • Define Clergy • Define Diocese • Define Bishop • Which 5 Bishops became Patriarchs and why? • What title did the Bishops of Rome take, and what claim did they make about their position?

3. Five top bishops, called Patriarchs, were in Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem By 661 CE, what happened to Antioch, Jerusalem, and Alexandria?

4. Under control of the Umayyad Caliphate Which two cities are left?

5. Causes of Schism • WEST: Bishop of Rome, called the Pope, claimed Papal Supremacy, that the Pope was supreme authority over all bishops AND all political leaders • EAST: Believed all Patriarchs were equal • Accepted Caesaropapism- political leader had power over the church, chose the Patriarch Pope Leo IX

6. Causes of Schism • Division between East and West Europe led to difference in religious practice… • Western Priests were celibate (could not marry) but Eastern could marry • Byzantine Emperor banned use of icons (religious images) in worship, Pope rejected the ban • Disagreed on type of bread for communion

7. “Filioque” controversy • 1014- Pope added words into the Nicene Creed (Christian declaration of faith) without permission from Patriarchs • Why did the Pope think that was OK? • How did the Eastern Patriarchs react? Pope Leo IX

8. Greek VersionΚαὶ εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον, τὸ κύριον, τὸ ζῳοποιόν, τὸ ἐκ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἐκπορευόμενον(And in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, from the Father proceeding).Latin VersionEt in Spiritum Sanctum, Dominum, et vivificantem: qui ex PatreFilioqueprocedit(And in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, and giver of life, who from the Father and the Son proceeds).

9. Greek VersionΚαὶ εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον, τὸ κύριον, τὸ ζῳοποιόν, τὸ ἐκ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἐκπορευόμενον(And in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, from the Father proceeding).Latin VersionEt in Spiritum Sanctum, Dominum, et vivificantem: qui ex PatreFilioqueprocedit(And in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, and giver of life, who from the Father and the Son proceeds).

10. 1054- Church Splits • Great Schism, or split, between East and West • West = Roman Catholic • East = Eastern Orthodox Pope Leo IX

11. Byzantine Influence and Decline • Byzantine Empire spread Orthodox Christianity, architecture, to Eastern Europe and Russia • Invasions from Turks and others led to decline • 1453- Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople with help of cannons

12. Organize! Create a T-chart contrasting Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy using your notes from this lesson!

13. Roman Catholic VS Eastern Orthodox • Believed Pope had authority over ALL Christians • Church had power over Government • Priests cannot marry • Service in Latin • Icons permitted • Believed Patriarchs shared authority equally • Government had power over Church • Priests can marry • Service in Greek • Icons prohibitted (temporarily )

14. Critical Thinking Questions Take a few minutes to discuss these questions with the person next to you. Then we will open up into a class-wide discussion. These questions require you to think deeply, not just look up an answer. Challenge yourself! • In the West, the Pope had more power than any political ruler. In the East, the Emperor had power over the Patriarch. What might have caused this difference? • How might a difference in language (Latin VS Greek) have made it difficult for the two sides to agree on their beliefs?

15. Pensa Read Chapter 9 Sections 2 and then answer questions 11-13 on page 300 in 2-3 full sentences each