Fungi

1. Fungi Chapter 19 Señora Ettinger

2. Answer these questions: • How do fungi differ from other organisms? • How does the lifestyle of a fungus enable it to obtain food? • What factors make each phylum of fungi distinctive? • How do fungi affect humans?

3. Look at page 406 of your textbook • What do you see in the main picture on this page? • Read the caption. What is really shown in the picture? • Are “fungus flowers” made of fungus? • Why would a fungus go to all the trouble of making a plant imitate a flower?

4. Page 406 continued • Do you think this fungus hurts or helps the rock cress plant? • Would you guess that fungi could flower on its own?

5. Characteristics of Fungi • Cell structure • Lifestyle • Food acquisition • Habitat • Cell walls

6. Fungi—plants? • Cell wall • Mitosis • Chlorophyll • Dikaryon stage

7. Other characteristics of Fungi • Heterotrophs • Digest food outside its body by secreted enzymes then absorb the nutrients • Typically terrestrial • Key decomposers of plant material • Most derive their nutrition from plants • Cell walls made of chitin

8. Fungal Niches • Saprobes- • Parasites- • Symbiotic Mutuals

10. Fungi Structures, page 408, draw and label figure 19-2 here:

11. Hyphae structure, draw Figure 19-3, page 408 here:

12. Hyphae • The dominant structure of fungi • Long, multinucleated, typically multicelled, one-cell thick fungal tissue • Typically hidden from sight since fungi grow their hyphae into their food • Serve as vascular channels along which nutrients are passed

14. Mycelium • What is it?

18. Septa • What is it?

20. Septate

21. coenocytic

22. “Recess”Read Armillaria ostoyae

23. Part 2: • Reproduction • Fungal Divisions

24. Reproduction • All nuclei are haploid except for zygote nuclei (except some Chytridiomycota) • In the sexual reproduction, hyphae of two different mating strains meet and fuse but the two types of nuclei may coexist without fusion for most of the life of the fungus • Fungi reproduce by relasin spores

25. Reproduction • Monokaryotic compartment has a single nucleus • Dikaryotic compartment has two genetically distinct nuclei • Heterokaryotic hyphae have two kinds of genetically different nuclei • Homokaryotic hyphae have genetically similar nuclei

26. Reproductive Structures • Sporangia: • Gametangia: • Conidia

27. Fungal Divisions • Plant-like, this groupings are called divisions instead of phyla • Presently differentiated from slime molds and water molds

28. Chytridiomycota

29. Fungal Divisions • Chytridiomycota • Zygomycota • Ascomycota • Basidiomycota • Deuteromycota (Fungi imperfecti) Your book doesn’t mention this one.

30. Chytridiomycota

31. Chytridiomycota

32. Read • Modern Genetics Versus Ancient Frog-Killing Fungus. • Write a synopsis in the space provided. • Be ready to answer questions

33. Chytridiomycota Zygomycota

34. Zygomycota: What does the name imply? • What does the name imply?

35. Zygomycota some characteristics

36. Zygomycota • Non-reproductive hyphae lack septa • Include the common bread molds • Produce zygospores

37. Life Cycle and Sexual Reproduction • Sexual reproduction is via fusion of multinucleate gametangia • May occur between same or different mating types • Massive, haploid zygospore forms around diploid zygote nuclei • Meisois occurs during germination

39. Asexual Reproduction • Haploid spores are produced within sporangia • Sporangium forms at the tip of erect hypha, with separating septum • Spores shed above substrate, dispersed by wind

40. Chytridiomycota Ascomycota

41. Ascomycota • Beneficial • Harmful forms

42. Yeast

43. Mold

44. Morels True Morel False Morel

45. Truffles

46. Truffles

47. Cup Fungi

48. Chestnut Blight

49. Chestnut Blight

50. Dutch Elm Disease