340 likes | 475 Views
Politics and Society Late 1800s - Early 1900s. Economic Theories. Part 1. Issues During This Time Period. Social – How do we help the poor? Is it our job to help the poor? Science – Scientific theories emerge to explain why things are the way they are Women – demanding equal rights
E N D
Economic Theories Part 1
Issues During This Time Period • Social – How do we help the poor? Is it our job to help the poor? • Science – Scientific theories emerge to explain why things are the way they are • Women – demanding equal rights • Political – decisions the government will make re: economic & social issues. Will they pass laws to help the poor? Or continue their laissez-faire approach? • Economic – capitalism, communism, socialism. Which economic theory will best solve our social ills?
Today • We are going to review material on capitalism, communism, socialism from three different sources • Get a text book, I will pass out two other sources • Feel free to work in small groups/pairs • Using the information from the book and packets create & fill out a chart that compares/contrasts each economic philosophy • Focus on similarities/differences – is it easy to divide up the three?
Capitalism • • Maximizes liberty • • Adam Smith – 1776 – “The Wealth of Nations” • • “Free Enterprise” – everyone is free to pursue • any economic activity • • Laissez-Faire – do not interfere in the economy • • Freedom to succeed and freedom to fail • • Private ownership of capital (means of • production)
Capitalism • • Profit is the motivator, competition is the • regulator (not government) • • Under pure capitalism, almost all goods would be • provided by the private sector (small • government) – police, courts, military (even • schools and the fire department could be private • goods) • • Do not tax the rich more than the poor – no • redistribution of income • • Good of the individual is above society • • Bill Gates and Hobo Joe
Communism • • Maximizes Equality • • Karl Marx – 1848 - “The Communist Manifesto” • • Industrial Revolution – Europe – horrible working • conditions - critique of capitalism • • 1. View of History – class struggle (bourgeoisie and • proletariat) • • 2. Labor Theory of Value – all value comes from labor • • 3. Nature of the State – the state (government) always • sides with the rich • • 4. Dictatorship of the Proletariat – poor must overthrow • the government and set up a classless society
Communism • • Public (government) ownership of the means of • production • • “From each according to his ability, to each • according to his need.” • • Workers run the factories – everyone earns an • equal amount • • Lots of government intervention in the economy • to promote equality • • Good of society is above the individual • • Bill Gates and Hobo Joe
Socialism • • Mix of Equality and Liberty • • Between pure capitalism and pure communism • • Some private ownership and some public • ownership of property • • Some government intervention in the economy • • Redistribution of income – high taxes on the rich • to provide lots of government services • – Examples of government programs like this in the • USA? • Bill Gates and Hobo Joe?
Charles Darwin • 1809-1882 • English Naturalist • Studied nature, plants in environment • Determined that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors • One of the first to form a scientific argument for the theory of evolution • Darwin = created important evolution theories, determined humans had evolved from lower, nonhuman species
Evolution versus Creationism • Creationism: the religious belief that humanity, life, the Universe are all the creation of a supernatural being (God) • The biblical account of creation found in Genesis says that God created the universe, animals, plants and humans in six days • Creationism: God created life on earth
Turn & Talk • How do you think Creationists will respond to Darwin’s theories on evolution? Why? Are these issues still debated/discussed today?
Darwin • December 1831-1836 aboard the H.M.S. Beagle • Traveled through South America and some Pacific Islands collecting & classifying animal & plant life • His discoveries led to his conclusions re: evolution • Darwin’s discoveries in South Am. led him to believe in evolution and speak out about it
Darwin & Natural Selection • Darwin believed that there was a continual struggle for existence within nature • The stronger, faster or fittest species has the advantage over the weaker, slower ones • Those more fit to survive pass along the advantageous trait to offspring • Darwin’s theory of natural selection (survival of the fittest) explains why some members of a species survive and reproduce while others perish
Take away notes from last slide • Natural selection: the stronger species have an advantage over the weaker, the stronger reproduce while the weaker die off
Turn & Talk • How do you think this theory of natural selection could have been used during the Industrial Revolution?? Who would the theory have helped? Hurt?
Women’s Rights Part 3
A right or a privilege? • What’s the difference?
Vocab • Suffrage = right to vote • Suffragette = members of women’s suffrage movement • Universal suffrage = all citizens of a certain age have right to vote
Women’s Suffrage in Great Britain • Became a national movement in 1872 • National Society for Women’s Suffrage (1867) • National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies (1897) • Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) 1903
WSPU • Founded in 1903 by Emmeline Pankhurst • Militant group • “Deeds not words” • Broke off from non-militant suffrage group • Women-only group
WSPU’s flag Emmeline Pankhurst
Emmeline Pankhurst • Founded WSPU • Displeased with other suffrage groups, not getting the job done • Her daughters Christabel, Adela & Sylvia were also part of the group • Named one of the most important people of the 20th century by Time • “She shaped an idea of women for our time.”
WSPU • Not a political party (in fact, often worked against them) • Aggressive & militant • Members smashed windows and assaulted police officers • Several members were imprisoned several times, hunger strikes, forced feeding
WSPU • Brought a lot of attention to suffrage movement • Began to dissolve in 1917, largely over issues of WWI • Support the men abroad? Keep fighting for women’s rights?
Right to Vote • In Great Britain • 1918 – women over 30 who owned property could vote • 1918 – all men could vote • 1928 – all women over age 21 could vote • In United States • 1870 15th Amend. Cannot deny a citizen right to vote based on color • 1920 19th Amendment Cannot deny a citizen right to vote based on sex
More recently… • 2005 Kuwait – women who meet age & citizenship requirements can vote. Separate polling locations for men & women. • Saudi Arabia – announced that women will be permitted to vote beginning in 2015
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGL3Q0wF_oc • Pankhurst Speech January 1912