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Introduction to Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Introduction to Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. Chia-Jui Tsai 2007/3/25. Outline. Introduction Choice Technology and Service Research Challenges Selected Research Results GST Telematics Platform Scalability for Message Dissemination Conclusion. Introduction.

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Introduction to Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

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  1. Introduction to Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Chia-Jui Tsai 2007/3/25

  2. Outline • Introduction • Choice Technology and Service • Research Challenges • Selected Research Results • GST Telematics Platform • Scalability for Message Dissemination • Conclusion

  3. Introduction • Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) ,a subclass of mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANETs). is a promising approach for future intelligent transportation system (ITS). • The direct communication between vehicles using an Ad Hoc network, referred to as • inter-vehicle communication (IVC) • Car-to-car communication(C2CC) • vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs)

  4. Introduction(Cont.) • 智慧型運輸系統(ITS, Intelligent Transportation System)乃是應用先進的電子，通信，資訊與感測等技術，以整合人，路，車的管理策略，提供即時(real-time)的資訊而增進運輸系統的安全，效率及舒適性，同時也減少交通對環境的衝擊。 • ITS的技術骨幹 • 感測技術 • 感測技術可用於車內及道路基礎建設，主要是獲取交通、道硌與氣象等資訊，若再搭配多重感測資料的整合技術，更可提供24小時且不受天又影響的資訊收集服務。 • 電腦技術 • 電腦技術係用於高速處理得自感測系統的大量資料，而將其轉換成有用的資訊。 • 通信技術 • 無線及有線的通信技術可迅速地將大量資訊傳送到車輛、攜帶型

  5. Motivation for VANET • The main goal of VANET is increased driving comfort and safety. • Use communication for new services • Collision warning • Up-to-date traffic information • Active navigation services • Weather information

  6. Choice Technology • Wireless Access Technologies • IEEE 802.11 WLAN • GPRS/UMTS • Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) • IEEE 802.11p (C2C Comm.) • IEEE 1609

  7. DSRC Concept • ITS重要建置之一，專用於短距離之單向或雙向通訊無線通訊 • 路側系統(Road Side Unit, RSU)與車輛單元(On-Board Unit, OBU)之通訊 • 車輛單元(OBU)與車輛單元(OBU)之通訊

  8. DSRC Standards • 歐、美、日等國之標準發展

  9. IEEE 802.11p • 又稱WAVE；Wireless Access in the Vehicular Environment • 是一個由IEEE 802.11標準擴充的通訊協定。這個通訊協定主要用在車用電子的無線通訊上 • 設定上是從IEEE 802.11來擴充延伸，來符合智慧型運輸系統（Intelligent Transportation Systems，ITS）的相關應用 • 應用的層面包括高速率的車輛之間以及車輛與5.9GHz（5.85-5.925GHz）波段的標準ITS路邊基礎設施之間的資料數據交換 • 按照官方正式的802.11工作計劃時間表，預定將於2009年4月公佈核定的802.11p修正案。

  10. IEEE 1609 • IEEE 1609標準則是以IEEE 802.11p通訊協定為基礎的高層標準 • IEEE1609制定的目的是提供一個將車輛的主要系統的資訊(包含引擎，傳動系統，煞車，懸吊系統等)與道路的基礎架構兩者相溝通的機制，它在 5.9 GHz波段下操作，可與手機共同提供高速率資料。使用IEEE 802.11系列的無線區域網路通訊標準802.11p(由IEEE 802.11a發展而來)作為底層的通訊技術，同時採用IPv6作為上層的通訊協定。

  11. IEEE 1609(Cont.) • IEEE1609包括四個部份，目前所有的技術內容已經都審核通過，進入測試使用的階段 • (1)IEEE 1609.1 -- WAVE Resource Manager ，其中規定了多個遠程應用和資源管理間的控制互換流程。 • (2)IEEE 1609.2 -- WAVE Security Services for Applications and Management Messages ，其中包括了WAVE訊息安全抵制竊聽、電子欺詐和其他襲擊的方法。 • (3)IEEE 1609.3 -- WAVE Networking Services，其中規定了通信協議的網路層與傳輸層。 • (4)IEEE 1609.4 -- WAVE Multi-Channel Operations，提供了IEEE 802.11p MAC對WAVE的支援。 • http://www.standards.its.dot.gov/fact_sheet.asp?f=80

  12. Choice Service • Service Types • Car-to-Car Services • Car-to-Infrastructure Services • Portal-based Services

  13. Possible Services for C2C Networks • Car-to-Car Services • Exchange of traffic information • Exchange of weather or road conditions • Car-to-Infrastructure Services • Active road side infrastructure • Road Side Units (RSU) as information points • Portal-based Services • Use of a Telematics platform • Services like „Pay-as-you-drive“ insurance

  14. Telematics platform • Telematics一詞是由”Telecommunication”與”Informatics”所組成 • 望文生義可知Telematics乃指車內應用之無線通訊、資訊擷取、與網際網路等技術之整合性系統。可以提供的功能包括保障汽車和用車人之安全，以及車內的通訊、連網、娛樂、資訊整合…等等，並可藉由設置入口網站及與內容提供者合作的方式，從事行動電子商務等加值性服務。

  15. Research Challenges for VANET • Protocols and Wireless Access • Scalability Problem • Robust and reliable communication even at high speeds • Efficient data dissemination schemes for large networks (>>100 nodes) • Integration and Definition of Security and Privacy • Realization of efficient trust environments (PKI) • Reliability of nodes, routes, and messages • Sufficient anonymity for mobile nodes

  16. Overview of Selected Research Results

  17. The GST Telematics Service Platform • GST: Global System for Telematics • Vision: Standard for Vehicular Telematics Platforms • Open platform with reconfigurable services

  18. GST: Project Details & Status • Integrated EU project (FP6) • Consortium with 49 companies • OEMs: BMW, DaimlerCrysler, Fiat, Ford, Renault,Volvo • Project Management: ERTICO • Vision/Goal: Open environment ⇒ generate a de facto standard(業界標準) • http://www.gstforum.org/

  19. Scalability for Message Dissemination • Many parallel information services → Network congestion • New approach: Use context information to prioritize messages (benefit maximization)

  20. Scalability for Message Dissemination(Cont.) • M=message , V=vehicle , I=information • ai=application-dependent factors • bi=application-dependent subfunctions • all weighted parameters have to be summed up and divided by the sum of all ai , leading to a benefit value between 0 and 1.

  21. Conclusion • 智慧型運輸系統(Intelligent Transport Systems,ITS) 在未來可能改變我們生活的面貌,對社會以及個人產生巨大的影響 • 而可被視為ITS的一個重要的key componet的Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks在未來的可研究性,發展性,以及商業應用上面的潛力 都是值得讓人期待的

  22. Reference • [1] Eichler, Stephan ; Schroth, Christoph ; Eberspächer, Jörg: “Car- to-Car Communication.” In: Proceedings of the VDE-Kongress - Innovations for Europe : VDE Verlag, 2006.- VDE-Kongress - Innovations for Europe.- Aachen, p. 6.- URL http://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/Publikationen/30950 • [2] "Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs): Challenges and Perspectives", 6th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications, 2006. • [3]Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC);馮治軍、張孟俊、李進農;工研院電通所視訊與光通訊技術組傳輸技術部

  23. Reference(Cont.) • [4] http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11p • [5] TIMO KOSCH, CHRISTIAN J. ADLER, STEPHAN EICHLER, CHRISTOPH SCHROTH, AND MARKUS STRASSBERGER,”THE SCALABILITY PROBLEM OF VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORKS AND HOW TO SOLVE IT”, IEEE Wireless Communications • October 2006 • [6] http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11/Reports/tgp_update.htm • [7] http://standards.ieee.org/announcements/PR_radiocomstd.html

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