Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions

1. Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions XixuanJin, Ph.D. Chief Scientist， Joyvio Group

2. Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions • By the late 1980s, the cultivated area of blueberry in American had reached nearly 200,000 hectares. Blueberry produced in the US not only meets its own needs, and has also been exported to Canada, Japan, China Taiwan and European countries. • Currently, there are nearly 20 countries and regions worldwide which have begun industrialized blueberry cultivation. China has introduced over 100 blueberry varieties mainly from America and Japan and adaptable for the climatic conditions across the country. • Domestic and international blueberry cultivation

3. Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions • Domestic and international blueberry cultivation • In 1983, Professor Li Yadong at Jilin Agricultural University took the lead in China to carry out the introduction and cultivation of blueberries. • By the end of 2013, China's blueberry acreage had reached 15,000-16,000 hectares, mainly in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Shandong, Anhui, and other 11 provinces (autonomous regions). • Qingdao is China's most concentrated area for blueberry production and has a blueberry cultivation area of ​​nearly 4,000 hectares.

4. Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions • Pre-cooling technologies lagged behind • Short storage life • Market calls for“Ready-to-Eat”blueberries • Postharvest cold storage of blueberry: Problems

5. Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions 1. Pre-cooling • The purpose of the pre-cooling: quickly remove field heat, reduce disease incidence and facilitate cold storage. • Rot damages caused by inadequate pre-cooling can reach as high as 30-50%. • The main pathogens are Botrytis spp and Rhizopus spp. They may continue to grow at lower temperatures. Botrytis may grow at or even below 0℃.

6. Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions • Large vacuum cooling machine: This machine can pre-cool a variety of fruits and vegetables with high efficiency. It may pre-cool large amount of fresh produce up to 5 cubic meters. Energy consumption is very high. • Large mobile pre-cooling machine: This machine is suitable for field harvesting and container transportation. However, it is not cost effective, and doesn’t fit the needs of today’s blueberry industry in rural China. • Development of pre-cooling technology

7. Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions • A miniature cooling machine

8. Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions • (1)MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE: The so-called modified atmosphere is proportional adjustments of the atmosphere composition, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and relative humidity in a storage facility to extend the storage life of fruits and vegetables. • (2)Cai Songsong, Engineer in Post Harvest Management at Qingdao Wallen Blueberry Fruit Co., Ltd. has made considerable contributions in this area. 2. Short storage life

9. Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions • 气调贮藏 -1 • 试验结果（2010年） 气调贮藏75 d，保鲜袋贮藏30-35 d 气调贮藏60 d低温暂存与常温货架较好，保鲜袋贮藏60d，效果较差，贮藏期过长 气调贮藏重量损耗低。 气调贮藏蓝莓能保持果实内部品质。

10. Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions • 气调贮藏 -2 • 试验结果（2011年） • 贮藏第83天（12周），硬度较好，好果率达92.5%。 • 国际贮藏周期6周 • 智利最长60天（Claudio 智利专家）

11. Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions • 气调贮藏 -3 • 8吨生产小试（2011年） • 生产分选包装结果 • 贮藏时间55天（9月2日），原料总体硬度、饱满度、好果情况较好，生产机械分级包装平均成品率为92%，远远高于7、8月份硅窗袋贮藏原料平均成品率84%。

12. Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions • 气调贮藏 -4 • 8吨生产小试（2011年） 气调贮藏原料车间抽检结果（车间统计数据） • 销售追踪 • 九月初市场缺货，走货快。双层反射膜打包，北京到货软果较多，达10%，长期贮藏的原料经机械分级、包装或物流导致；上海到货果粉、状态等品质良好。

13. Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions • Ready to eat fruit and vegetables are becoming the new darling of the market, and a lot of open bag “read-to-eat” fruits and vegetables are in almost every supermarket in the developed countries. However, there is much less R & D works in China. • 3、The market needs ready- to –eat blueberries

14. Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions Edible coatings work well in protecting processed fruit and vegetables Apples Day 1 Apples Day10 Apples Day 21

15. Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions Carrots Day 1 Carrots Day 10 Carrots Day 21

16. Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions Lettuce Day 1 Lettuce Day 7 Lettuce Day 14

17. Postharvest Cold Storage of Blueberry: Problems and Solutions