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Multimedia Systems Integration EN 605.437.71

MOBILE INSURANCE ADJUSTMENT SYSTEM. Multimedia Systems Integration EN 605.437.71. Dustin Doyle John Garofolo Nickilyn Lynch Tracey May Poletti Mark Von Heeringen. DEFINITION. Mobile Insurance Adjustment System -- a client - server system; regional headquarters at one end

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Multimedia Systems Integration EN 605.437.71

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  1. MOBILE INSURANCE ADJUSTMENT SYSTEM Multimedia Systems Integration EN 605.437.71 Dustin Doyle John Garofolo Nickilyn Lynch Tracey May Poletti Mark Von Heeringen

  2. DEFINITION Mobile Insurance Adjustment System -- a client - server system; regional headquarters at one end and individual investigators at the other!!

  3. OUTLINE Introduction and Overview -- N. Lynch Cellular Network Communications (CDPD) -- D. Doyle Image Capture and Compression -- T. M. Poletti Audio Compression/Speech Recognition -- J. Garofolo

  4. MOBILE INSURANCE ADJUSTMENT SYSTEM Workstations CDPD Network Router Insurance Company Servers (w / Databases) INTERNET Cellular / CDPD Transmitting Net Computing Device Operating System Data Hierarchy Comm Support Node Applications Laptop CDPD Printer Digital Camera Temporary data store CDPD Drivers FTP Client Software Netscape Navigator 3.01 Audio & Image Capture & Encoding Windows 95 Investigator Portable CDPD Cellular RS-232 Direct Link Distributed Multimedia Databases Netscape Enterprise Server NT FTP Server Cold Fusion (DB Processing) Database Engine // PERL Ethernet LAN WAN (T-1) HQ / Central Office Processor Pentium PRO Windows NT 4.0 Server

  5. CLIENT-SERVER, WEB-BASED APPROACH Why we selected this approach: -- Familiar Browser Interface -- Ease of Updating on the Central Server Software -- Public Network Access -- Forms Processing Capabilities -- Ease of Database Integration

  6. CLIENT END -- A Digital Camera -- A Network - Enabled Laptop running Windows 95 microphone/sound card for capturing interviews an interface to a digital camera -- A Portable Bubble Jet Printer / FAX

  7. CDPD Network Router Insurance Company Servers (w / Data Bases) INTERNET Cellular / CDPD Transmitting Net COMMUNICATIONS -- The connection to the server is a wireless cellular modem running TCP / IP, using CDPD to connect to a circuit switch system LAN lines to the regional headquarters

  8. INVESTIGATOR DUTIES -- Examines and photographs the damage with the digital camera -- Conducts a verbal interview with the customer -- Calls up the appropriate form Fills in the form with information from the customer Reference image and audio files in the form Form is stored on an HTTP server at the regional headquarters

  9. INVESTIGATOR DUTIES (Cont) Investigator receives -- confirmation that the information has been received at headquarters -- Material to download for the client’s use (tip sheet) -- Information on hotels, car rental agencies, background on contractors, etc. (All printable at client end)

  10. Workstations Workstations Insurance Company Servers (w / Databases) SERVER END (Regional Headquarters) -- Information on the form is stored in an object-oriented database at the regional headquarters with graphics and audio files in a directory linked to the claim -- At the end of each day all files are FTPed to the regional headquarters server where a batch program then adds them to the Claims database

  11. CLAIMS ADJUSTER DUTIES -- Claims Adjuster at the Regional Headquarters Evaluates the claim Enters the assessment into the database Forwards decisions to the investigator electronically -- Claimant Receives the Paperwork by U.S. Mail

  12. WHICH CELLULAR SYSTEM TO USE ? ANALOG vs. DIGITAL Desiderata: -- Mobility -- Established technology -- Reliability -- Security -- No need for a continuous session

  13. SYSTEM OF CHOICE CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data

  14. CDPD NETWORK DEFINITION -- A packet-oriented, connectionless, multi-protocol network service providing peer network wireless extensions to existing data networks

  15. BENEFITS OF USING CDPD -- Uses Current Cellular Infrastructure -- Open Specifications -- Speed -- Reliability -- Security -- Cost Effective

  16. CURRENT CELLULAR INFRASTRUCTURE CDPD is an overlay network on top of the current cellular telephone system -- Radio Frequencies at 800-MHz to 900-MHz Range -- RF Channel Assigned at 30-KHz Separations -- Full Duplex Radio Channel -- RF Channel Reuse With Cellular Layout for Capacity and Coverage -- Maximum RF Power Levels Same as Cellular Telephones -- Frequency / Channel Agile Devices

  17. OPEN SPECIFICATIONS -- Based on One of the Most Widely Accepted Network Protocols - IP -- Sits Below Network Layer ( i.e., IP Layer ) CSCCP ( Circuit Switched CDPD Control Protocol ) is in use for the Mobile Insurance Adjustment System -- Supports Multiple Protocols / Applications Not forced to choose between: Internet IP vs. ISO FTAM for the file transfer Internet e-mail ( SMTP, POP3) vs. X.400-based message handling system IP vs. CLNP vs. IPV6 -- Can Grow to Meet Future Applications

  18. SPEED -- Faster than any other Public Wireless System -- Raw Data Rate of 19.2-Kbps -- Real World Rate of 10-Kbps - 12-Kbps -- Since Full Duplex, Overall Speed of Data Transfer is Quicker

  19. RELIABILITY -- Efficient Modulation / Demodulation Techniques Gaussian minimum shift keying -- Efficient Forward Error Correction, which Reduces Need for Retransmission Reed - Solomon -- Sequence Number on Packets -- Retransmission for Excessively Corrupted Packets

  20. SECURITY -- Uses Authentication Techniques -- Uses Encryption Techniques -- Sends Data in Packets instead of in a Continuous Stream ** Very High Level of Security which is Virtually Impossible to Eavesdrop on

  21. COST EFFECTIVENESS -- Since CDPD Takes Advantage of the “Bursty Nature” of Data Transmission, Cost Is Based on Kilobyte Usage Rather Than Connection Time -- No Strong Financial Cost to Support New Technology Development Since Technology is Already Established -- Since Technology is Established, Cost for Downtime is Low -- Modems are Affordable ( $400 - $1600 ) ** MIAS Project Will Utilize IBM Cellular / CDPD Modem which has Voice, FAX, and Data Transmission Capabilities ~ $950

  22. Price Quotes From AT&T Service Plan Monthly Minimum Fee Monthly Kilobyte Allowance Usage Rate ( per Kilobyte ) After Allowance Plan # 1 $ 22 200 $ 0.12 Plan # 3 $ 85 2,000 $ 0.06 Plan # 5 $ 145 4,000 $ 0.05

  23. EXAMPLE CDPD DATA XFER SCHEME 1. CSCCP on Mobile Side Sends a Connection Request 2. CSCCP on Network Side Responds with a Connection Response (which contains a Unique ID Number ) 3. At this Point the Connection is Established 4. Data is Transferred 5. When Idle Time is Detected, Network Side Relinquishes the Cellular Resource and an Idle Disconnect occurs 6. When Mobile Side has Data to Transmit again, a Reconnect Request is Sent which Contains the Unique ID Number 7. CSCCP on Network Side Responds with a Reconnect Response 8. Connection is Reestablished until further Idle Time is Detected

  24. FUTURE SYSTEM STATISTICS NBI says CDPD is Fastest Growing Mobile Data Market ( Northern Business Information ) 1994 vs. 1999 Mix of Mobile Data Users 1994 vs. 1999 Mix of Mobile Data Revenues 19941999 19941999 Circuit Switched 80% 64% CDPD -1% 27% RF Packet Data 20% 9% 4.2 million Users by 1999 Circuit Switched 5% 10% CDPD 3% 68% RF Packet Data 92% 22% $1.5 billion by 1999

  25. CAPTURING IMAGES

  26. STEPS FOR CAPTURING IMAGES 1. Photograph Damaged Property with the Kodak DC50 Zoom Digital Camera and Save Pictures in “Best” Format 2. Attach Camera to PC via the COM Port 3. User PhotoEnhancer ( Picture Works Technology, Inc. ) to Transfer Pictures from the Camera to the PC 4. Review Thumbnails and Select Desired Pictures 5. Save Pictures in TIF Format ( name them according to case # ) 6. Compress Files (Compression Engine Wavelet) 7. At the End of the Day, the Investigator FTPs the Compressed Image Files to the Appropriate Directory on the FTP Server at Headquarters

  27. IMAGE I/O • Purpose: To capture photographs of claimed damage. This is currently done with a conventional camera and photographs are stored in physical files. Digital images could be stored, transmitted, and retrieved in a multimedia database. • Considerations: Very limited bandwidth

  28. CANDIDATE FORMATS • 2 Formats widely supported on Web: • GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) • JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) • New Technology: • Wavelets

  29. CANDIDATE FORMATS • GIF • 8-bit color • Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) compression • lossless, general-purpose algorithm • limited to 4:1 compression • substrings coded in substitution dictionary • packetized, stream-based

  30. CANDIDATE FORMATS • JPEG • 24-bit color • JPEG compression, lossy, • better for photographs: high-quality intensity representation, lower-quality color representation • block-oriented: downsample chrominance components, then apply Discrete Cosine Transform, then quantize and Huffman-encode coefficients • adjustable compression ratio up to 100:1 (25:1 good quality)

  31. CANDIDATE FORMATS • CEW (Compression Engines Wavelet, www.cengines.com) • 24-bit color • wavelet compression, lossy, uses advanced mathematics to characterize frequency, energy, time info (Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC) spline wavelet algorithm) • transform entire image rather than in blocks • fast compression/decompression, low memory usage • SDK available • adjustable compression ratio up to 300:1 • ideal for tele-medicine applications

  32. SAMPLES (JPEG - 180Kb. / ~2.4 minutes)

  33. SAMPLES (CEW Low Compression - 49Kb. / ~39 seconds) (CEW High Compression - 5Kb. / ~4 seconds)

  34. IMAGE CHALLENGES • Web-integrated client-side image capture not supported by Anyone! • Currently, to integrate image capture into Web-based application would have to write your own helper app. • Not feasible for this project given cost of SDKs and time constraints.

  35. AUDIO I/O • Purpose: To capture interviews with claimants. This is currently done with analog cassette recordings. Digital recordings could be stored/retrieved in a multimedia database. • Considerations: Very limited bandwidth

  36. CANDIDATE FORMATS • WAV • PCM linear-encoded, 16-bit, 44.1-KHz • CD-quality • Widely supported, but very bulky • Sample: (4.3 seconds, 380K / ~5 min.)

  37. CANDIDATE FORMATS • UL • u-law-encoded, 8-bit, 8-KHz • Telephone quality • Widely supported, compact • Sample: (4.3 seconds, 35K / ~28 seconds)

  38. CANDIDATE FORMATS • RA • RealAudio-encoded • Telephone quality • Very compact, designed for audio streaming • Sample: (4.3 seconds, 4.5K / ~3.6 sec.)

  39. CANDIDATE FORMATS • VOX • Voxware-encoded, 8-bit, 8-KHz • Sub-telephone quality • Extremely compact, designed for speech streaming and interactive applications • Sample: (4.3 seconds, 3K / ~2.4 sec.)

  40. VOXWARE AUDIO • MetaVoice CODECs - model human speech • encodes resonance, pitch, timbre info • compression ratios as high as 106:1 • supports warping, pitch shift, and VoiceFonts • RT24 V2.0 • 2400 bps, 8-KHz., 3.5 MOS • RT29HQ V2.0 • 2978 bps, 8-KHz., 3.6 MOS • www.voxware.com

  41. SPEECH RECOGNITION • Dragon Dictate • Supports Command and Dictation modes • Isolated Word - must pause between words • Speaker Dependent - requires training • Limited Vocabulary - 30,000 words • Dragon NaturalSpeech Dictation (NEW) • Continuous Speech Recognition (30,000 words) • Speaker Dependent - requires training • Can only use in special editor • www.dragonsys.com

  42. FUTURE APPROACH • State-of-the-art speech recognizer at server (offline) to produce transcription of recorded interviews. • But current state-of-the-art technology for speaker-independent, continuous speech recognition still has about a 25% word error rate at 100 - 200 times real time! • Still usable with human correction.

  43. AUDIO CHALLENGES • Web-integrated client-side audio capture not supported by Anyone! • Currently, to integrate sound recording into Web-based application would have to write your own helper app. • Not feasible for this project given cost of SDKs and time constraints. • Better ASR technology needed

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