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The Roaring Twenties

The Roaring Twenties. Social and Economic Changes. Power point created by Robert L. Martinez Primary Content Material: Mastering the Grade 11 Taks Social Studies Assessment (Killoran, Zimmer, Jarrett). Photos and illustrations as cited.

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The Roaring Twenties

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  1. The Roaring Twenties Social and Economic Changes Power point created by Robert L. Martinez Primary Content Material: Mastering the Grade 11 Taks Social Studies Assessment (Killoran, Zimmer, Jarrett). Photos and illustrations as cited. http://www.theelliottgallery.co.uk/images/sm-charleston.jpg http://www.cinemastrikesback.com/news/daily/00617_F_01_1000.jpg

  2. Vintage San Antonio

  3. Joske’s Department Store:Downtown San Antonio

  4. Pearl BrewerySan Antonio, Texas

  5. Majestic TheatreSan Antonio, Texas

  6. The Roaring Twenties • The “Roaring Twenties” were good times for many Americans. Beneath an appearance of calm and posterity, American was experiencing fundamental economic and social change. http://www.thecostumer.com/upload/roaring1.jpg

  7. Disillusioned by the outcome of WWI, Americans returned to a policy of isolationism in foreign affairs. • Isolationism is refusing to become involved in other nations’ disputes or problems. http://www.flickr.com/photos/thephotoholic/173378841/

  8. Economic Decline: Post WWI • On the domestic front, the government stopped its wartime spending and soldiers returned home looking for jobs. U.S Troops returning home from France, 1919 http://www.flickr.com/photos/j3net/85054378/

  9. Fear of Communist Russia • Communists seized power in Russia in 1917 and threatened to spread their revolution to other countries. Lenin addressing Soviet workers http://www.gpc.edu/~proseman/imageANU.JPG

  10. The Red Scare • The 1920s witnessed attacks on American civil liberties – fear of Communism. • In 1919, anti-Communist hysteria led the U.S. government to conduct raids against radicals accused of plotting to overthrow the government. http://www.flickr.com/photos/7578012@N02/456964557/

  11. Communist Witch hunt • Thousands of suspected Communists were arrested, and several hundred immigrant radicals were deported. http://conelrad.com/books/images/redscared_400.gif

  12. Sacco and Vanzetti • The hysteria affected immigrants as well. • Two Italian immigrants, Sacco and Vanzetti, were convicted of committing murder during a robbery to obtain funds for an anarchist revolution. • Although the evidence was sketchy, they were found guilty and were executed in 1927. http://thijscoppus.sp.nl/images/SaccoVenzetti4.jpg http://thijscoppus.sp.nl/images/SaccoVenzetti3.jpg

  13. Rise of Nativism • The Red Scare and the Sacco & Vanzetti trial contributed to a rise in nativism. • Nativism is a dislike of foreigners that led to immigration restrictions in the early 1920s. http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/immigration/italian-nativism.jpg

  14. Great Migration • The migration of African Americans from the South to Northern cities (The Great Migration) during WWI led to increased racial tensions after the war. http://www.multied.com/AfiricanAmerican/GreatMigration.jpg

  15. Ku Klux Klan • The Ku Klux Klan, dormant for decades, revived in the 1920s. • The Klan was particularly hostile to African American, immigrants, Catholics, and Jews. http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/immigration/italian-nativism.jpg

  16. Economic Prosperity - 1920s • Wages and employment opportunities increased for many Americans, while business profits and production soared. • There were many reasons for this prosperity, ranging from government policies to the rise of the new automobile. http://www.readwriteweb.com/images/gatsby.jpg

  17. Laissez-Faire • In 1921, Republican presidents, Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover followed policies favorable to American business. • They supported laissez-faire policies, which called for minimal government interference in business activities. President Calvin Coolidge President Warren Harding President Herbert Hoover http://www.flickr.com/photos/bureaucrash/274082019/

  18. Automobile Industry • Probably the single greatest factor behind the prosperity of the 1920s was the growth in the use of automobiles. • Automobile production required vast amounts of steel, glass, and rubber – stimulating these industries. http://www.flickr.com/photos/delina/31875554/

  19. Henry Ford • Henry Ford’s goal was to build a car so inexpensively that anyone could afford one. • He introduced the assembly line, increasing the efficiency of production. • By 1924, Ford was producing 1.6 million cars a year at a price of under $300 per car. Henry Ford & his Model “T” http://www.samsgarage.com/images/Ford%20Henry%20Ford%20Model%20T.jpg

  20. Assembly Line • Henry Ford introduced the assembly line to automobile production, moving cars along a conveyor belt while workers completed their assigned tasks. • The assembly line, use of standardized parts, and other labor-saving devices made American industry more efficient and productive. http://www.h-net.org/~hst203/images/assembly2.jpg

  21. Cars gave people greater mobility, making possible the growth of suburbs. • School buses allowed students in remote areas to attend school regularly. • Farmers replaced farm animals with tractors. http://www.lafayettelinc.net/pict/coc2000/B282_School_Bus_1920s.jpg

  22. Electricity • Electric appliances, like vacuum cleaners and refrigerators, were introduced. • Radio and motion pictures became common – creating jobs and changing the ways Americans lived. http://www.opticaltoys.com/whirl03.JPG http://www.trailend.org/dw-refrigerator.jpg

  23. Speculation & The Stock Market • The rise of new industries, improved production techniques, and mass markets helped fuel a speculative boom on the stock market, where millions of people invested in the hope of striking it rich. http://www.flickr.com/photos/wallyg/857766599/

  24. Prohibition • Protestant reformers saw liquor as the cause of poverty, crime, and the breakdown of family. • These reformers saw Prohibition as a chance to eliminate many undesirable features of modern urban life. http://www2.potsdam.edu/hansondj/images/ProhibitionTile.jpg http://www.lancefuhrer.com/images/prohibition.jpg

  25. Eighteenth Amendment • In 1919, the 18th amendment was ratified, banning the sale of alcoholic drinks. http://www.albany.edu/~wm731882/newspaper1.jpg

  26. Rejection of Prohibition • By 1933, many saw this “experiment” of Prohibition as a failure because many Americans refused to accept the ban on alcoholic beverages. http://www.beertutor.com/articles/images/repeal.jpg http://www.umich.edu/~eng217/student_projects/nkazmers/prohibition%20failed.jpg

  27. Organized Crime • Instead of reducing crime by banning alcohol, the demand for illegal liquor helped stimulate the growth of organized crime in the 1920’s. http://drugpolicycentral.com/bot/images/prohibition_era_cartoons/prohibition_pals.jpg http://www.juegomania.org/Gangsters:+Organized+Crime/fotos/pc/1/1181_c/Caratula+Gangsters:+Organized+Crime.jpg

  28. Twenty-first Amendment • The great social experiment, Prohibition, was finally repealed by the 21st amendment – demonstrating that unpopular laws are often difficult or impossible to enforce. http://teachers.sduhsd.net/jetheridge/U.S.%20History/1920/Prohibition-2.jpg

  29. Scopes “Monkey” Trial • In 1923-24, twelve states, including Tennessee, passed laws that forbid teaching Darwin’s theory of evolution because it contradicted the Bible’s account of creation. http://images.salon.com/news/feature/2005/01/10/evolution/cover.jpg http://msu.edu/course/mc/112/1920s/Scopes/bestminds.jpg

  30. Theory of Evolution • Darwin’s theory of evolution taught that humans and other species had developed over millions of years from lower forms of life. http://www.flickr.com/photos/kimberlyb/1340293562/ http://www.borndigital.com/cg/smonk.jpg

  31. The Trial • In 1925, John Scopes, a biology teacher, was tried and convicted for teaching evolution. • William Jennings Bryan, the former Democratic and Populist presidential candidate, assisted the prosecution. • Scopes was defended by Attorney Clarence Darrow. • The trial illustrated the clash between new scientific theories and older fundamental religious beliefs. http://www.bitsofnews.com/images/graphics/scopes_monkey_trial.jpeg

  32. http://www.realestateparrsboro.com/Nov29Scopes.jpg

  33. William Jennings Bryan was a Populist and Democratic presidential candidate, lost in 3 elections. • Successful reforms include the direct election of Senators, income tax, and women’s suffrage. • A believer in the literal interpretation of the Bible, Bryan assisted in the prosecution of the Scopes “Monkey” Trial. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/monkeytrial/peopleevents/images/p_bryan2.jpg

  34. Clarence Darrow, a celebrated attorney who defended labor leaders accused of murder in the Haymarket Affair, labor leaders involved in the Pullman Strike of 1894, and war protestors during WWI. • Darrow supported the theory of evolution and the separation of church and state, thereby defending John Scopes during his trial. http://www.getnet.com/~ksup/img/darrow2a.jpg

  35. Immigration Restriction • After WWI, nativist feeling against immigrants led Congress to limit immigration for Southern and Eastern Europe. • The Immigration Acts of 1921, 1924, and 1929 established quotas for each nationality based on America’s existing ethnic composition. http://si.unm.edu/bern_2003/virginia/vir_tl/ellis-1.jpg

  36. Lost Generation • During the 1920s, young people displayed growing freedom in their dealings with each other. • They dated without taking along a chaperone. • Flappers wore short skirts and danced the Charleston. http://cas.umkc.edu/ams/Cheesecake/jpgs/193.jpg

  37. “The Great Gatsby”Book & Movie Recommendation • The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, hinted that the search for purely material success often led to tragedy. http://bioinfo.mbb.yale.edu/~mbg/a/fun2-images/great-gatsby.jpg http://www.progressive.gr/dvd/largephotos/GreatGatsby.jpg

  38. Women in the Twenties • New household appliances reduced housework. • Greater numbers of women went to college and worked outside the home. • Women demonstrated a new economic independence and became more assertive. http://www.lyon.edu/webdata/Groups/Collhist/girlsbask.gif

  39. The Harlem Renaissance is often referred to as the Jazz Age, reflecting the greater importance of African American music. http://www.arikah.net/encyclopedia/images/thumb/d/d8/180px-Stamp-ctc-jazz-club.jpg

  40. Marcus Garvey stressed racial unity through self-help and encouraged African Americans to set up their own shops and businesses. • Garvey supported a plan in which African Americans would migrate to Africa. http://www.africamaat.com/IMG/jpg/MARCUS-GARVEY_0.jpg

  41. Leisure Time • More leisure time gave people greater opportunity for entertainment. • They turned to spectator sports, the radio, movies, and magazines. JACK DEMPSEY BABE RUTH http://www.flickr.com/photos/billburris/451811954/ http://www.msu.edu/~jeakleke/AMERIBOY.jpg http://www.fighttoys.com/Dempsey,Jack%20(to%20Sylvia)b.JPG

  42. Charles Lindbergh became the 1st person to fly across the Atlantic Ocean (New York to Paris) in 33 hours. This trip made him a national hero. http://www.originaldo.com/charles%20lindbergh-postcard.jpg http://www.americaslibrary.gov/assets/jb/jazz/jb_jazz_lindbergh_1_e.jpg

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