Domestic Violence Survey Albania, 2007-08

1. Domestic Violence SurveyAlbania, 2007-08 Skopje Macedonia February 2010 National Institute of Statistics, INSTAT

2. Domestic Violence Survey • This research project involved the collaboration of several organizations: • Institute of Statistics of Albania (INSTAT) • UN organizations: UNICEF, UNDP, • Team of national experts: experts & civil society • Steering committee: GOs (MOLSAE), NGOs and academics

3. Why embark on a national study of domestic violence in Albania? • To fill a significant gap in the limited studies on domestic violence in Albania (national level) • To develop a baseline measure of domestic violence against women and children, against which future measures can be compared; • To generate much reliable data and findings that can be used to develop effective prevention, protection, and legal measures and policies.

4. Research design Conducting survey research on domestic violence is challenging because: • This is a phenomena that happens behind closed doors, and difficult to be declared. • To develop clear operational definitions of the different types of domestic violence, • To define the right tools for measuring the nature and prevalence of each of these types of domestic violence

5. Development of the survey INSTAT developed the survey after an extensive review of: • International literature on domestic violence. • Existing survey instruments used in Europe, the United States, and Africa. • Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) documents and questionnaires specifically the Module on Domestic violence was a main source. • Administrative data published by the Ministry of Interior. • Data and information on domestic violence published by member NGOs of the Network Against Gender-Based Violence and Human Rights.

6. Survey structure • The National Survey on Domestic Violence consisted of a series of close-ended questions that are developed in 10 separate modules: • Module 1: Information Module (MODHH) • Module 2: Module of Household Structure (MODHL) • Module 2: Module of Socio-Economic Characteristics (MODSE) • Module 3: Module on Violence Against Women (MVAW) • Module 4: Selection Module of Women Age 15-49 Years (MODSEL WM) • Module 5: Module of Marriage and Sexual Behavior (MODMA) • Module 6: Module of Domestic Violence toward Women (MODDV) • Module 7: Module of Using Weapons (MODSALW) • Module 8: Selection Module of Children Age 10-14 Years (MODSEL) • Module 9: Module of Domestic Violence toward Children Age 10-14 Years (MODDV CH) • Module 10: Module of Using Weapons in Front of or Against Children (MODSALW CH)

7. SurveyDesign • Sample size: 2,700 HH • Nr of clusters: 311 • Sampling desegregation: Urban/ rural • 12 prefectures • Field work period: September 2007 • Nr of working Teams : 12 teams (prefectures) • Field Work staff: 21 interviewers, 12 supervisors, 1 Controller. • Duration of the field Work: 25 days

8. Continue….. • A cross-sectional population-based household survey conducted in a national level • One to two individuals were sampled in each household (randomly selected & interviewed separately) • Eligible woman: between15 and 49 years of age living in the household. • Eligible child: between 10 and 14 years of age and living in the household

9. Data processing and Analyses • A standardized approach to coding was adopted and a data entry program was developed in CSPro Software. • The data entry and processing procedures were rigorous and carefully supervised by INSTAT. • The clean database was used for data analysis using SPSS. INSTAT has professional standards for data processing and interpretation that have been applied in this national survey on domestic violence.

10. Not succeeded: • SALW • Economic cost of domestic violence

11. 1 Domestic violence

12. Domestic violence Domestic violence is: any act of violence exerted by a family member on the other, any where, which negatively affects the well being, physical or psychological integrity, freedom, the right to full development of a family member. Violence against women and girls in the Survey is referred to the Declaration on Elimination of Violence against Women as occurring in: family, community, and perpetrated or condoned by state. [

13. Basic survey assumptions • Family is an organized system wherein individual members are interdependently exerting a continuous and reciprocal influence on one another. • It is composed of subsystems that are constantly in interaction and in mutual influence.

14. Main survey trends: • Macro-system variables: how background characteristics such as age, gender and education shape domestic violence. • Family stress and resources variables: how the relative absence or presence of economic and social resources, in urban and rural communities, shape violence. • Micro-system variables: why individuals and family subsystems continue to suffer domestic violence despite the antiviolence large scale action of governmental institutions and NGO-s.

15. 2 Domestic violence on women

16. Attention seeking variables: • Environmental experience • Education level of women • Age of abused women • Employment

18. It is important to note that there were a significant number of women who did not respond to the questions about abuse in their marriage or intimate relationship. • The percentage of nonrespondents varied from as many as 35.9% for emotional abuse, 29.6% for physical violence and psychological abuse, and 23.2% for sexual violence.  This data was taken directly from the frequencies that identified the number of missing responses/missing data.

21. Where to look for… • Violence in rural vs. urban areas • 2nd decade of marriage violence: a constant reappearance in violence onset • Divorce impediment because of fear for scarcity of resources • Richness of living community

22. 3 Domestic violence on children

25. Some light shed on why-s? • Stereotypes of behavior • Replications of stereotypes and social gender based roles • The ordinary care of relationships in families • Violence and couple intimate relationship

26. Thank you for the attention! Skopje, Macedonia 16 February 2010