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Sexual Propagation. Types of propagation. Sexual propagation Produces genetically variable offspring Utilized to produce hybrids Asexual propagation Clonal propagation Preserves desirable characteristics that could be lost in sexual reproduction.
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Types of propagation • Sexual propagation • Produces genetically variable offspring • Utilized to produce hybrids • Asexual propagation • Clonal propagation • Preserves desirable characteristics that could be lost in sexual reproduction
Seed labeling • Commercial seed production • Federal & state regulations for labeling • Crop and cultivar name • Germination information • Name and address of selling company • Other labels • Hard seed • Fungicidal coating • Primed seed • Pelleted seed
Seed quality • Germination (viability) • Purity – (presence of weed seed, etc.)
Seed longevity • Buy seed for current growing season • Seed can be stored • Cool, dry is best • Seed life doubles for every 10 degree drop • Seed life doubles for every 10% drop in seed moisture (dessicants can be used)
Seed storage • 37-41F, low humidity can prolong seed viability
Home seed production • Self-pollinated plants are easiest • Cross pollinating requires control of pollination • Hybrids should not be used for home seed production • Search for procedures on internet • UIUC
Seed harvesting • Mature seed from ripe fruit, prior to seed dispersal • Seed should be removed from ovary and dried • Wood plants with hard seed coats – harvest early (not mature), dry, and can plant without scarification
Home seed treatments (p. 78, 194-195) • Scarification • Nicked w/ knife; file • Shake in jar of sand, sharp grit • Soak in hot/cold water for 24h • Stratification • Sow outside for winter stratification • Refrigerate (<41F) in moist sand, peat, vermiculite for several-many weeks (varies by species)
Planting seed • Direct seeding (outdoors in planting bed) • Indirect seeding (in pots/flats to be transplanted) • Timing of seed planting varies by species • Most herbaceous plants in Spring/Summer • Most woody plants in Fall
Direct seeding • Site selection • Timing of seeding • Cool season crops • Warm season crops • Depth and spacing • Thinning • Guidelines on web
Seedbed maintenance • Eliminate clods and weeds • Prevent soil crusting
Indirect seeding • For a head start on growing season • For fine seed • Provides for better establishment
Indirect seeding • Use sterile growing media • Containers: clean flats, trays, pots, peat pots/pellets • Light requirement • Photoblastism • Etiolation • Watering • Bottom water for fine seed is better
Damping off of seedlings • Cool, wet, overcrowded
Fern propagation • Prothallus
Indirect seeding • Transplanting • Pricking out flats • Handle plants by leaves • Root bound plants • Harden off • Cold frames
Indirect seeding • Greenhouse lettuce production • Heated germination trays ($26)
Cold frames • Cold frames online • Build your own cold frame
Purchasing seed & supplies • Mail order • Burpee Seed Co. • Park’s Gardens • Home Harvest • Retail garden centers • Chains • Walmart • Home Centers