Submitted To: Mr.Halpin Submitted By: Andrew MacDonald, Sarah Iatonna, Milan Iacobelli

1. EXTREME HEAT AND COLD! Submitted To: Mr.Halpin Submitted By: Andrew MacDonald, Sarah Iatonna, Milan Iacobelli Submitted On: Decemeber 11th, 2002 Assignment: Weather Dynamics

2. What causes Extreme Heat and Cold? • Extreme heat is when heat becomes unbearable and is usually classified when it has been over or at 32 degrees Celsius for three days or more. Extreme heat is caused by many factors including cloud cover, the suns rays, and other weather conditions. The humidity also can cause heat to be more unbearable; air moisture has a great deal to do with such an event. The higher the humidity the hotter is feels on the human body, it can cause many problems for the average human. • Extreme cold is caused by a number of conditions, including polar and artic air masses, winds, and low temperature. Extreme cold conditions occur when the temperature is below –12.2 Celsius. These conditions can be worsened by the wind chill factor, which speeds up heat loss in the body creating the illusion that it is colder than it actually is. Extreme cold disrupts the body’s ability to function normally.

3. What time of year do these extreme weather events occur? • Extreme heat almost always happens during the peak months of summer, when humidity has been unusually high for days along with an extreme temperature. • Extreme cold also occurs during the peak winter months when all factors are in full force. Extreme cold happens more often in certain climates.

4. What Area of The World Do They Occur? • Extreme heat can occur anywhere if the temperature is high enough to produce such an event. It is least likely to occur in arctic areas or where the temperature is quite low. • Extreme cold can occur anywhere also, but is most likely to occur in arctic areas.

5. Have there been any such events in our Area? Yes there has been such events in our area, just last summer a heat wave happened right here in Windsor. The temperatures were extreme and advisories were frequent. An Extreme cold event has also occurred in Windsor within the past year, during the winter months. Canada has a very diverse climate, which causes such weather events to occur.

6. Recent Examples and Occurrences Extreme heat happens around the world daily, and will continue to do so. The last major extreme heat wave happened in Chicago 1995, where just over 1000 people perished. Extreme cold also happens every day on some point of the earth, there are always conditions somewhere permitting this extreme event to occur. People die every week from extreme cold events.

7. Potential for Destruction! • Extreme heat and cold usually have the worst effects on living organisms. Both of these events disrupt the body’s ability to stay at a stable body temperature, which is 37 degrees Celsius. When the body cannot maintain this temperature it can become life threatening. Extreme heat or cold can also cause damage to crops, and other agricultural activities causing a loss in money for the owner. In some cases millions of dollars of been spent to repair the horrible effects that these events can cause.

8. Frequency of Occurrence • Extreme heat and cold can occur whenever the weather factors permit. The temperatures must be either stable at a high or low temperature for a few days. These events occur most often out of any other extreme weather event because of the Earth’s wide range in climate. They happen quite often every year. Here in Windsor we usually have one or two occur a year.

9. Factors of Weather That Interact to Produce Such an Event • Extreme heat and extreme cold can occur when the temperature stays at a stable state over a period of three–four days. The humidity and moisture cause the events to occur more frequently.

10. Exciting Facts! • Within the last 20 years over 8,000 people have died from Extreme heat. • Wind Chill can cause temperatures to feel like –70 degrees Celsius! • People who live in urban areas are at greater risk to extreme heat exposure (be careful) • The fatal effects of extreme heat or cold can take place without you even knowing it!

11. Ways to Protect Yourself • During extreme cold wear dry warm clothes to prevent frostbite and hypothermia. • During extreme heat dress in light clothes and keep hydrated. Wear sunscreen to prevent yourself from cancers and burns. Try to stay indoors as much as possible.

12. Blizzards(Brrr!) Submitted To: Mr.Halpin Submitted By: Milan Iacobelli, Sarah Iatonna, Andrew MacDonald Submitted On: December 11th, 2002 Assignment: Weather Dynamics

13. Blizzards are formed when warm air collides with colder air, and the warm air is forced to rise above the cooler air. Since warm air is less dense than cool air, the warm air will keep its moisture. As the warm air rises over the cool, air precipitation is formed. The water vapour crystallizes to form snow and ice. Blizzards form the exact same way as any other snowstorm but because of the harsh, cold temperatures and high winds; blizzards can become a violent hazard. How Do Blizzards Form?

14. What Time Of Year Do Blizzards Occur? • Blizzards occur during the winter season because extremely cold conditions are needed to form these gigantic storms. Without an extremely cold temperature, the water vapour cannot crystallize.

15. Where Do Blizzards Occur Most Frequently? Blizzards occur in the north and South Pole most frequently, other places that blizzards happen often are the Central United States, and Canada. Colder areas of the world get these extreme weather events more often. Brr!

16. Where Are Blizzards Least Likely To Occur? • Blizzards are least likely to occur in warmer areas where cold temperatures are not likely to occur, like deserts and around the equator. Tropical Areas and Deserts!

17. Events In Our Area Windsor has had many blizzards over the years, but to our knowledge none have been extremely devastating. Blizzards are not likely to occur very often because the great lakes moderate our temperatures enough to keep us safe. Windsor Ontario!

18. Recent Examples • The most recent blizzards occurred in 1996. One occurred from January 7-8 in the Northeastern United States. The blizzard killed 100 people. The second one occurred on August 22 in the Himalayas and killed 239 people.

19. The Potential For Destruction Blizzards have many devastating effects, the most major one is it’s effect on transportation. During a blizzard the visibility is decreased to 0.2 km, which can make for hazardous driving conditions, and on coastal regions (boats, ships etc.) Blizzards are also responsible for the closings of many airports and bridges. Quite frequently blizzards cause power outages, which take weeks to repair, leaving people high and dry for days or even weeks. After a blizzard a city usually spends quite a bit of money for repairs and snow removal. These extreme weather events rarely cause fatalities.

20. How Often Do Blizzards Occur? • Blizzards can form anytime from September through April, or during the winter months in simpler terms. • In different areas of the world, blizzards happen generally only during the winter season. BOMBS AWAY!

21. Factors that produce Blizzards include: Extreme cold temperatures High winds Warm and cold air masses that collide Weather Factors That Produce This Event

22. Exciting Facts About Blizzards • Visibility is reduced 0.2 km during a blizzard! • Winds can exceed 60 km per hour! • Approximately 3,000 people have died altogether in major blizzards in the past century! • THEY’RE WILD!!!

23. Ways To Protect Yourself • In blizzards stay off highways especially in open areas and avoid bridges. • Always have extra blankets, food, warm clothing, candles, and matches handy. • At home have enough supplies to support you if an electrical failure occurs.

24. THIS CONCLUDES OUR PRESENTATION! THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!