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Energy and Matter Diagrams. Energy transformations. Marshmallow burned—thermal energy was released We said energy was “released” from the marshmallow—but all the molecules/atoms could be accounted for—so where in the marshmallow did the energy come from?
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Energy transformations • Marshmallow burned—thermal energy was released • We said energy was “released” from the marshmallow—but all the molecules/atoms could be accounted for—so where in the marshmallow did the energy come from? • When the bonds of sugar were broken and reformed making co2 and h2o– energy was released
So…the energy was in the bonds of the molecules The chemical energy of the sugar molecules was released as thermal energy So, did the c, h, and o atoms turn in to energy when the sugar was burned? So where is the sugar?
Marshmallow Burning Energy transfer Marshmallow Environment Thermal, Light Chemical
Energy source: where did the energy come from? What type of energy is it? Energy transfer: arrow, change in energy form Energy receiver: where did the energy go? What type of energy is it?
Using the information in the energy diagram…describe in 2-3 sentences… What happens to the chemical energy in the marshmallow when it is burned?
What is ATP? Tri (3) “T” PHOSPHATE “P” ADENOSINE “A”
ATP and energy used by cells Cells use energy stored in the form of a molecule called ATP All other sources of energy must be converted and stored in molecules of ATP to be used by cells
P PHOSPHATE “P” ADENOSINE “A”
Adenosine (A) 1 phosphate (P) “mono-phosphate” P
P Adenosine (A) 1 phosphate (P) “mono-phosphate” Adenosine (A) 2 phosphates (P) “di-phosphate” P P
P P P Adenosine (A) 1 phosphate (P) “mono-phosphate” Adenosine (A) 2 phosphates (P) “di-phosphate” Adenosine (A) 3 phosphates (P) “tri-phosphate” P P P
P P P P P P AMP “mono-phosphate” ADP “di-phosphate” ATP “tri-phosphate”
Note: you do NOT need to memorize names of these molecules The molecular diagrams and names are to help you visualize the processes and help you put the concepts into a context P P P ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
Breaking ATP releases energy as an OUTPUT Kinetic energy P P P
ATP has more stored energy (potential energy) than ADP P P P MORE stored energy
ATP has more stored energy (potential energy) than ADP P P P LESS stored energy
P P P P P P ATP has more stored energy (potential energy) than ADP MORE stored energy LESS stored energy ADP P ATP +
P P P P P P MORE stored energy ATP OUTPUT INPUT ENERGY FOR CELLULAR WORK CHEMICAL ENERGY + P ADP LESS stored energy
P P P P P P ATP cycles between ADP and ATP as chemical energy is converted into energy for cellular work OUTPUT INPUT ENERGY FOR CELLULAR WORK CHEMICAL ENERGY
Conservation of matter Matter is not created or destroyed • The atoms do not disappear when ATP is used for cellular work, they simply break apart and rearrange into ADP and P • Chemical energy does not “turn into” ATP, it simply allows ADP and P to join together and rearrange to build ATP Matter cyclesbetween different forms
MORE stored energy Glucose OUTPUT INPUT CHEMICAL ENERGY LIGHT ENERGY Carbon dioxide LESS stored energy
MORE stored energy Glucose OUTPUT INPUT CHEMICAL ENERGY LIGHT ENERGY Carbon dioxide LESS stored energy
Carbon cycles between carbon dioxide and glucose as light energy is converted into chemical energy OUTPUT INPUT CHEMICAL ENERGY LIGHT ENERGY
Conservation of matter Matter is not created or destroyed • The carbon atoms do not disappear when glucose is used for chemical energy, they simply break apart and rearrange into carbon dioxide • Light energy does not “turn into” glucose, it simply allows carbon atoms to join together and rearrange to build glucose Matter cycles between different forms
What is glucose? • A hexagon is used to represent glucose because of its shape Carbon dioxide Glucose
Glucose has more stored energy (potential energy) than carbon dioxide LESS stored energy
Building glucose requires energy as an INPUT Glucose Carbon dioxide molecules
Breaking glucose releases energy as an OUTPUT Kinetic energy Kinetic energy Kinetic energy Kinetic energy Kinetic energy Kinetic energy
Glucose has more stored energy (potential energy) than carbon dioxide MORE stored energy
Glucose has more stored energy (potential energy) than carbon dioxide MORE stored energy LESS stored energy Carbon dioxide Glucose
MORE stored energy Glucose OUTPUT INPUT CHEMICAL ENERGY LIGHT ENERGY Carbon dioxide LESS stored energy
P P P P P P MORE stored energy ATP OUTPUT INPUT ENERGY FOR CELLULAR WORK CHEMICAL ENERGY + P ADP LESS stored energy
+ P ADP P P P P P P Matter cycles as energy is transformed Glucose ATP LIGHT ENERGY CHEMICAL ENERGY ENERGY FOR CELLULAR WORK Carbon dioxide
Open your packets to lesson 11. I’ll check ?’s 1-3 Complete plant lab. Label your paper towel with your plants.
Marshmallow Burning Energy transfer Marshmallow Environment Thermal, Light Chemical
Carbohydrates in Food GLUCOSE Energy transfer Environment Chemical Thermal
Carbohydrates in Food ATP in Muscle cells Energy transfer Usable/ chemical chemical
Any similarities between the processes we do and the burning of the marshmallow? Cellularrespiration is very similar to the marshmallow burning—same inputs and outputs About 60% of the energy released during cellular respiration is released as thermal energy. The other 40% is available to the cell as useful energy in the molecule ATP.
Cellular Respiration Thermal Energy transfer Environment 60% Glucose from Food ATP in Cell 40% Chemical Usable/ chemical
ATP in Cell Cell Energy transfer Usable Chemical kinetic
Cell Muscle fiber Environment Energy transfer kinetic thermal
Thermal Cellular Respiration Energy transfer Environment 60% Glucose in cell Environment ATP in Cell Cell Energy transfer Energy transfer 40% Chemical Useful/ chemical kinetic thermal
Our usual body temp—37 c Room temp is about 25 c How could you use those two facts as evidence that we produce thermal energy? What other evidence can you think of that thermal energy is produced in our bodies?
Explain how the energy in our food is used to keep our bodies warm.