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Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates. Monosaccharides , disaccharides and polysaccharides. Uses of glucose. Glucose is important as a fuel (it is oxidised to release energy during respiration). Form in which carbohydrates are transported around the body (small and soluble).

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Carbohydrates

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  1. Carbohydrates Monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides

  2. Uses of glucose • Glucose is important as a fuel (it is oxidised to release energy during respiration). • Form in which carbohydrates are transported around the body (small and soluble). • Important as a building block for building bigger carbohydrates such as starch, cellulose, glycogen.

  3. Alpha Glucose

  4. Carbohydrates • Carbohydrates are made up of C, H and O atoms. • There are usually twice as many H as there are C and O with a ratio of 1C:2H:1C • E.g. C6H12O6 or C5H10O5 • Carbohydrates can be described as monosaccharides, disaccharides or polysaccharides.

  5. Monosaccharides

  6. Galactose

  7. Disaccharide

  8. Disaccharides (have a look at their structure on p.10 of J and J) • glucose + a glucose → maltose • glucose + fructose → sucrose galactose + glucose → lactose

  9. Formation of Sucrose Sucrose

  10. Condensation reactions • These occur when a molecule of water is lost. • Two monosaccharides join in a condensation reaction to form a disaccharide. • A glycosidic bond forms between the two molecules. • The opposite of this would be a hydrolysis reaction involving the addition of water and the splitting of the two molecules.

  11. Polysaccharides Fgdjhgdliugpisrglkdnkgjdf;gjfdskl;gjklfdjgfdnglkfdgnlkfdjgkfldghlkdfhglkdfhgkdfj;glk;dfkg;ldfkg;dkfg;lfdk;lgdkfg’dfkg’lfdkglfkg;lkf;glkfdg;lfkg;lfkg;lfkg;lfkg;lfkg;lfgk;flgkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk

  12. Questions • Which one or more monosaccharides make up each of the following carbohydrates? • Lactose • Sucrose • Starch 2. What type of bond is formed when a disaccharide is produced? 3. Glucose (C6H12O6) combines with fructose (C6H12O6) to form the disaccharide sucrose. From your knowledge of how disaccharides form, work out the formula of sucrose.

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