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ENZYMES

ENZYMES. What happens to the food we eat?. It breaks down into…. Carbohydrates. Lipids. Proteins. Nucleic acids!. Let’s look at… Lactose. What is lactose? Lactose is a sugar found in dairy products. What do people who are lactose-intolerant lack?. They lack an enzyme: LACTASE

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ENZYMES

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  1. ENZYMES

  2. What happens to the food we eat?

  3. It breaks down into…. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids!

  4. Let’s look at… Lactose • What is lactose? • Lactose is a sugar found in dairy products

  5. What do people who are lactose-intolerant lack? • They lack an enzyme: • LACTASE • Vocab: • Sugars end in “-ose” • Enzymes end in “-ase” • But…what is an enzyme?

  6. An enzyme is… • Aprotein that helps molecules react with one another. • It is a CATALYST! • (it participates in the reaction but doesn’t change itself)

  7. how do catalysts work? • Catalysts lower the amount of energy that it takes to get a reaction started. • This energy is called activation energy. YouTube

  8. Enzymes lower the activation energy by holding molecules together.

  9. Reactions can occur without the help of catalysts, but not at the speed our body requires.

  10. Each enzyme has a special place where the reaction occurs called the active site. YouTube: Enzyme When a molecule needs the help of an enzyme, it goes to the active site and then the reaction takes place.

  11. Each enzyme has a specific shape and structure that matches certain molecules. That is why we say enzymes are “specific”.

  12. digestive enzymes names match the foods they help react Lactase helps break down lactose. Each enzyme is specially designed to react a certain molecule

  13. Each enzyme works best at a certain temperature and pH.

  14. What Keeps enzymes from doing their jobs? Temperature can affect an enzyme by changing its shape

  15. Changes in pH can also change an enzyme’s shape

  16. When an enzyme changes its shape it can’t do its job. We say it is denatured!

  17. So, if changing the shape of the active site keeps the enzyme from working, what else might keep it from working?

  18. Lactase is just one enzyme that breaks down lactose but there are many different enzymes at work in your body.

  19. More enzymes that break things down… Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose Sucrose is table sugar!

  20. AMYLASE: breaks down starch in your mouth and stomach LIPASE: breaks down fats PEPSIN: breaks down proteins

  21. Every reaction in your body is helped by an enzyme.Enzymes are the “workers” of your body.

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