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Leviticus

Leviticus. Reasons to study Leviticus. No book claims inspiration more often (for the size of the book) The book reveals the nature of God In order to understand a people it is necessary to understand their ritual- Wenham, Numbers, 30

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Leviticus

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  1. Leviticus

  2. Reasons to study Leviticus • No book claims inspiration more often (for the size of the book) • The book reveals the nature of God • In order to understand a people it is necessary to understand their ritual- Wenham, Numbers, 30 • It provides important background material to the NT- Luke 2:22-24 with Lev 12:6-8

  3. Outline of Leviticus • 1-7 Sacrifices • 8-10 The priesthood • 11-15 The clean and the unclean • 16 The day of atonement • 17-25 Holiness code • 26 Blessing and Cursing • 27 Vows • Key concept: The Holiness of God • Key verse: Leviticus 11:44-45; 19:2; 20:7, 26

  4. Sacrifices • Lev 1: Burnt offerings- wholly offered • Lev 2: Grain offerings- non-meat • Lev 3: Peace offerings- worshiper ate part of • Lev 4:1-5:13 Sin offerings- different sacrifice depending on status in community

  5. Sacrifices • Lev 5:14-6:7 Trespass/ Guilt offerings- pay “fine” in addition to sacrifice • Sacrifices connected with forgiveness- Lev 1:4; 4:20, 26, 31, 35; 5: 6, 10, 13, 16, 18; 6:7 • Sinful people need forgiveness to approach a holy God • Why different sacrifices?

  6. Jesus: Fulfillment of Sacrifices • Sacrifices point to the sacrifice of Jesus- sometimes the NT uses specific sacrificial practice (Heb 13:11-13; Lev 4:7, 11-12) • Contrast to these repeated sacrifices Christ offered one sacrifice (Heb 7:27; 9:12, 23-28; 10:11-14) • His death accomplished what those sacrifices could not (Heb 10:1-4, 19-21)

  7. Priesthood • Basis of priesthood: Holiness of God and the need for someone to approach God on our behalf • The very structure of the tabernacle was a reminder of the holiness of God (Ex 25-31; 35-40; Heb 9:1-10) • The layman who approached the tabernacle was to be put to death (Num 1:47-54)

  8. Priesthood • Sinful man needed a mediator of God’s holiness. • This is why God demanded great holiness of the priests (Lev 10:1-3; contrast 9:22-24)

  9. Jesus the Fulfillment • Do we still need a priest today to mediate God’s holiness? • While the priesthood of all believers is true (I Peter 2:5, 9; Ex 19:5-6), this does not minimize the need for a high priest (I Tim 2:5-6) • Christ the high priest (Heb 2:17-18; 4:14-16) Priest after the order of Melchizedek (Heb 5:10; 6:20; 7:17)

  10. Leprosy or Skin Diseases • Leviticus 13-14 Why these two extensive chapters describing skin diseases right in the center of the book? • Skin diseases made one unclean and he could not approach God, the tabernacle (Num 5:1-4) and alienated him from fellow-man (Lev 13:45-46)

  11. Leprosy or Skin Diseases • Skin diseases and their treatment were symbolic of sin and its consequences (Ps 51:7; Isaiah 6:1-5) • Jesus cleansing lepers show forgive sin (Luke 5:12-16; 8; 7:22; 48-50)

  12. Feast Days: Lev 23 • 23:4-14 Passover and feast of unleavened bread- 1st month, 14th day; 15-21st • 23:15-22 Feast of Weeks (Pentecost)- about seven weeks after previous feast • 23:23-25 Trumpets- 7th month and 1st day • 23:26-32 Day of Atonement- 7th month and 10th day • 23:33-44 Feast of Booths- 7th month, 15-21st day

  13. Jesus: Fulfillment of the Feast • Feast of Booths- John 7:2, 37-39; 8:12 • Passover- All gospels give this feast as the setting for the crucifixion Mt 26:1-5; Mk 14:1-2; Lk 22:1-2; Jn 11:55 • Jesus the Passover Lamb John 19:36; Ex 12:46; Num 9:12; I Cor 5:7 • The salvation that is accomplished through Jesus is a new exodus- Ex 12/ Is 43:16-17; Jer 16:14-15/ Luke 9:31/ Revelation 15:3-4

  14. Jubilee and Leviticus 25 • Every 49 or 50 years (25:8-12) • In this year debts were forgiven, slaves were set free, and people were given their family lands (25:23-55) • Isaiah 61:1-2 Announces a year of jubilee • Luke 4:18-19 What was done in the year of Jubilee foreshadows the salvation that Christ brings- debts are forgiven, slaves set free, and hope of heaven

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