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The Site

The Site. Landscaping Chapter 4. Objectives*. Define the word site and explain its significance in the development of a landscape List the typical features that must be evaluated on most sites Describe sources of site information Explain the geographic information systems

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The Site

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  1. The Site Landscaping Chapter 4

  2. Objectives* • Define the word site and explain its significance in the development of a landscape • List the typical features that must be evaluated on most sites • Describe sources of site information • Explain the geographic information systems • Define the following terms: setback, zoning regulations, property lines, right of ways, easement, zero lot line • Describe the limitations that the terrain imposes upon human activities • Understand the basic concepts of land grading • Describe how to prepare a base map

  3. Site • A piece of land that has the potential for development • No two sites are identical • Each has its own personality that must be identified • Determines what the landscape designer can and can’t do

  4. Site Features and Characteristics • Natural Features • Man Made Features • Cultural Features • Physical • Cultural • Visual • See p. 61-62

  5. Sources of Site Information • Topographical Maps- US Geological Survey • Soil Survey’s- Natural Resource Conservation Service • Weather Data- Local Weather Records • Property Lines- County Clerks Office • Other cultural characteristics of the site

  6. Geographic Information Systems • Computerized systems that combine both hardware and software to provide mapping data about geographic regions of the country • Different than aerial photography because it provides more information about the site • Not commonly used in residential design

  7. Reading the Terrain • Topography-the rise and fall of the land • Topographic maps will represent vertical changes in the terrain as broken lines called contour lines • The lines represent a vertical rise or fall over the horizontal distance measured from the maps scale • Each contour line connects all the points of equal elevation on the map and each is labeled to indicate its elevation • The vertical distance between contour lines-the contour interval is always stated on the map • Steep slopes are identified by closely spaced contour lines, gradual slopes by more widely spaced lines

  8. Things to Know Regarding Contours and Contour Lines • Existing contours are always shown as broken lines • Proposed contours are always shown as solid lines • Contours are labeled either on the high side of the contour or in the middle of the line • Spot elevations are used to mark important points • Contour lines neither split nor overlap, except in overhangs • Contour lines always close on themselves. The site map may not be large enough to show the closing but it does always occur on the land • Runoff water always flows downhill along a route that is perpendicular to the contour lines

  9. Slopes • Measurements that compare the horizontal length (measured from the map’s scale) to vertical rise or fall (as determined by the contour lines and contour interval) • Rise over Run • Expressed as Ratios or Gradients and Percents

  10. Ratios and Gradients • The horizontal space required for each foot of vertical change in elevation is compared as V:H=R • V is the vertical distance • H is the horizontal distance • R is the ratio or gradient • Commonly expressed as 1:3, 1:4 and so forth • Fig 4-4 p.67

  11. Percent • Vertical distance is divided by the horizontal distance and the answer is expressed as a percentage • Fig 4-5 p. 67

  12. The Need for Terrain Information • Answers these basic questions • Where the does the surface water flow? • Will water collect in puddles anywhere? • What types of human activities can take place? • Will grass grow on that slope? • Can a car be parked safely on that slope? • Land that has a 5-10% slope is usually acceptable for human activity • Fig 4-6 p. 68

  13. Preparing a Base Map • Base Map: a graphic depiction of the site features that were collected, measured, and inventoried • Enables the designer to look at the big picture • Plan view drawing that locates existing buildings, their windows, doors and other significant features, existing hardscape , all existing plants and other physical items noted during the site inventory • Can also plot out the location of setbacks, easements, underground utility lines and overhead wires • Prevailing wind directions, surface water patterns and attractive or offensive off-site features that impact the site may also be noted here • Must be done first so the rest of the design process can take place • Usually followed with a drawing developed as an overlay that eliminates all existing features that will not be included in the new landscape

  14. Assignment • Complete Achievement Review A, B, C, D, p. 71-72

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