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Expansion Buses

Expansion Buses. Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) VESA Local Bus (VL-Bus) Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) Universal Serial Bus (USB)

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Expansion Buses

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  1. Expansion Buses • Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) • Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) • Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) • VESA Local Bus (VL-Bus) • Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) • Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) • Universal Serial Bus (USB) • Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) • FireWire • Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA)

  2. Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) An expansion bus commonly used in PCs. It accepts plug-in boards that control the sound, video display and other peripherals. Most PCs today have a combination of ISA and PCI slots; however, many no longer support ISA, and it is expected to be obsolete by the mid 2000s.Originally called the "AT bus," it was first used in the IBM AT, extending the 8-bit bus to 16 bits. Earlier ISA PCs provided a mix of 8 and 16-bit slots. Today, PCs have only 16-bit ISA slots.

  3. Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) • It was a proprietary 32-bit bus from IBM used in PS/2, RS/6000 and certain ES/9370 models. It supported 15 levels of bus mastering and transferred data from 20 to 80MBytes/sec. The boards had a unique, built-in ID that allowed for easier installation than ISA devices. In late 1996, IBM discontinued its use in favor of PCI.

  4. Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) • EISA was developed in 1988 by a group of nine companies including Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, NEC, Zenith and others. EISA was developed in response to IBM's efforts in developing the MCA bus (Micro channel Architecture). EISA was designed to increase the capabilities of ISA (hence the "enhanced"). With this increase in bus width and using an 8.33 MHz clock, the EISA can reach a theoretical 33 MB/s transfer rate.

  5. VESA Local Bus • (VESA Local-BUS) A peripheral bus from VESA that was primarily used in 486s. It provides a high-speed data path between the CPU and peripherals (video, disk, network, etc.). VL-bus is a 32-bit bus that supports bus mastering and runs at speeds up to 40MHz. It generally provides up to three slots on the motherboard, each slot using one 32-bit Micro Channel connector placed adjacent to the standard ISA, EISA or Micro Channel connector.

  6. Peripheral Component Interface (PCI) • PCI was primarily designed by Intel and unveiled in 1992. PCI provides a high-speed data path between the CPU and peripheral devices (video, disk, network, etc.). There are typically three or four PCI slots on the motherboard. In a Pentium PC, there is generally a mix of PCI and ISA slots or PCI and EISA slots. The PCI bus/slot has become the industry standard because it transmits data at a fast rate and because it is simply replacing the older slots such as ISA, EISA and MCA. The PCI slot/bus is useable for most every type of daughter board except for the video cards that are designed for the AGP slot.

  7. Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) • AGP is a relatively new high-speed graphics port/bus that was developed by Intel. It provides a direct connection between the display adaptor and memory. It is designed to handle graphics better than the PCI port does such as 3-D graphics. It allows the graphics controller to directly access main memory and allows 3-D textures to be stored in main memory rather than video memory. Only 3D video cards connect to the AGP slot. The brown AGP slot is slightly shorter than the white PCI slot and is located about an inch farther back. AGP uses a 32-bit bus. The original AGP standard (AGP 1x) provides a data transfer rate of 264 Mbytes/sec. AGP 2x is 528 Mbytes/sec. AGP 4x is 1 Gbytes/sec. AGP 8x is 2 Gbytes

  8. Universal Serial Bus (USB) • The USB bus was introduced in 1996. It is mostly used for low-speed peripherals such as the keyboard, mouse, printers, scanners and digital cameras. It is a unique bus because it doesn't connect to daughter boards like the EISA, ISA, PCI and AGP slots do and it doesn't connect to storage devices like SCSI does. Instead, USB ports are connected to your motherboard but is external of your tower. USB has a maximum bandwidth of 12 Mbits/sec (equivalent to 1.5 Mbytes/sec), and up to 127 devices can be attached to a single USB port.

  9. FireWire • The FireWire high-speed serial bus was developed by Apple Computer and Texas Instruments. It is quite similar to USB as it connects devices to your computer. The difference is that FireWire can only connect up to 63 devices but is a whole lot faster than USB. Also known as the IEEE 1394 standard, the original spec calls for 100, 200 and 400 Mbits/sec transfer rates.

  10. Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI)

  11. Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) • Personal Computer Memory Card International Association, San Jose, CA. An international standards body and trade association that was founded in 1989 to establish a standard for connecting peripherals to portable computers. PCMCIA created the PC Card.

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