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Municipal Solid Wastes

Municipal Solid Wastes. CE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering Prof. Tim Ellis February 1, 2010. http://www.pbase.com/globetrotter81/image/45798332. What is a solid waste.

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Municipal Solid Wastes

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  1. Municipal Solid Wastes CE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering Prof. Tim Ellis February 1, 2010 http://www.pbase.com/globetrotter81/image/45798332

  2. What is a solid waste • all wastes from human and animal activities that are normally s_____ or semi-s____ and are d___________ (includes municipal, industrial, and hazardous wastes). olid olid iscarded http://www.pbase.com/globetrotter81/

  3. What is Solid Waste Management? • activities involved with the • reduction of g________, • c_____________ eneration ollection

  4. What is Solid Waste Management? torage • s__________, t___________, p_________, and d_____________ of solid wastes. ransportation rocessing isposal

  5. Trash to energy

  6. What is Solid Waste Management? • solid waste management concerns • public h__________, • e______________, • e______________, • conservation, • aesthetics, and • other environmental considerations. ealth nvironment conomics

  7. What is Integrated Solid Waste Management? Activities designed to meet the hierarchy of MSW management objectives S______ R______ ource eduction ecycle euse R______ and R___ reatment T__________ isposal D_______ http://www.pbase.com/globetrotter81/

  8. Waste G_________ eneration • Waste h_______, s_________, s______, • and p__________ at the source: • shredding, baling • separation for recycling auling eparating torage rocessing ollection C__________ rocessing • P_______ Facility • r_______ • r_______ r_______ • i_____________ • c___________ ecycling T_______ Station ransfer esource ecovery ncineration omposting • U_______ D_________ • landfill ltimate isposal http://www.pbase.com/globetrotter81/

  9. Quantities of Solid Waste Produced • total production is approximately = _____ million tons/yr (decrease of 1.6 M tons from 2004) • average solid waste generated per person = ___ lbs/day • total production in U.S.= _________ tons/day • density = _____ lbs/yd3 • if placed in 3 foot layer, it would cover _____ sq. yds. • ____ sq. miles • if placed in 1 cu. ft. stacks, it would rise ______ miles high 220 4.4 4.4 4.4 8 m 2.5 40,800

  10. One year’s worth of solid waste from a single household

  11. Characterization of Solid Waste • Kind, composition, and source. • Material • Product category

  12. Characterization of Solid Waste • Two mains categories: • G_________ • animal and vegetable waste resulting from f______ preparation, originates primarily from k________ and r__________ large part of the putrescible matter in MSW, source of o_______ arbage ood itchens estaurants dors

  13. Characterization of Solid Waste • R__________: • combustible and non-combustible components of MSW • combustible fraction includes: • p_______, r______, cartons, boxes, furniture, tree branches,etc. • T___________ is synonymous with combustible portion of rubbish • Noncombustibles • includes i_______ portion of rubbish: • tin cans, • metals, • glass, etc. ubbish aper ags rash norganic

  14. Other categories sh • A________ • S_______ Refuse • Dead A__________ • Abandoned v____________ • I____________ Wastes (food processing wastes, lumber and metal scraps, shavings) • D__________ Wastes (lumber, pipes, bricks, masonry) • C_____________ Wastes (lumber, pipe, scraps) • Special Wastes (includes hazardous substances, explosives, radioactive materials) • W_____________Treatment Plant Residues (includes screenings and grit) treet nimals ehicles ndustrial emolition onstruction atewater

  15. MSW Composition by Material • p_________ and paperboard • g__________ • m_______ (steel, aluminum, other nonferrous metals) • p__________ • r_________ and leather • t___________ • w_________ • other m___________ aper lass etal lastics ubber extiles ood aterials

  16. MSW Composition by Product Category • c_____________ and packaging • n___________ goods (e.g., newspapers, “selected consumer electronics”) • d___________ goods (e.g., appliances) • y_________ trimmings • f__________ scraps • other ontainers ondurable urable ard ood

  17. Integrated Solid Waste Management • Priority is on s________ r____________ ource eduction

  18. Second Priority following Source Reduction is Recycling and Reuse. • ____% recycling rate in 1999 (64 M tons) vs. 32% in 2005 (58.4 M tons MSW + 20.6 M tons compost) • _______ curbside recycling programs in 1998 vs. 8,550 in 2005 • _______ yard trimmings and composting programs in 1997 vs. 3,470 in 2005 • combusted for energy recovery • 2.7 M tons 1980 • 29.7 M tons 1990 • 33.4 M tons (13.6%) 2005 28 9300 3800

  19. Least Favorable MSW Management Activity: Ultimate Disposal (e.g., landfills) • Number of landfills in U.S. continues to decrease from about ________ in 1988 to about ________ today 8000 3500

  20. azardous astes aily over isease ectors • Landfills must: • keep out regulated h__________ w_________ • apply a d______ c__________ • control d________ v______ populations (rodents, flies, mosquitoes, etc.) • m________ m_______ g___ • restrict p________ a_________ • control s____ w______ run-on and run-off • protect s______ water from p_________ and • keep appropriate r_________ onitor ethane as ublic ccess ater torm urface ollutants ecords

  21. rinking ater • Design Standards • Landfills must be designed to ensure d______ w______ standards are not exceeded in ground water. • Landfills must be designed with a c__________ l______ made of synthetic material covering a two-foot c___ l_____. omposite iner lay iner

  22. Ground-water Monitoring and Corrective Action • All landfills must have monitoring w____ to detect any groundwater contamination. • if ground-water is contaminated, the owner/operator is required to clean it up to acceptable standards to protect human health and the environment. ell

  23. Closure and Post-Closure Care • When a landfill stops accepting waste it must be covered to keep any liquid away from the buried waste. • Once the landfill is closed, the owner/operator is responsible for • maintaining the final cover, • monitoring ground water and methane gas, • and continuing leachate management for 30 years.

  24. Financial Assurance • Landfill owners/operators must show that they have f___________ mechanisms to cover the costs of closure, post-closure care, and any needed cleanups from releases. • Financial mechanisms can include s_______ bonds, letters of credit, insurance, or guarantees, among others. inancial urety

  25. Financial Assurance • The majority of landfills are small (less than 20 tons of municipal solid waste per day) and some may qualify for an exemption from the design standards, ground-water monitoring, and corrective action requirements. • To qualify for an exemption, a small landfill must not be causing ground-water contamination, and must be located in either a very dry climate or a very remote location.

  26. Parts of a Solid Waste Landfill:

  27. Parts of a Solid Waste Landfill:

  28. Liner: • Composite:

  29. Leachate: • LCRS:

  30. Cell: • Daily Cover: • Lift: • • Final Lift:

  31. Final Cover • Cap

  32. Post Closure

  33. Sri Lanka 2003 Compost

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